JULY/AUGUST 86 Bulk RATE
VOE2 NOs peel
$3.00 COLTON, OF 97017
PERMIT #51
FOR ALL TIMEX AND SINCLAIR COMPUTERS
MAGAZINE
T/S 1000 External Keyboard Buffer © QL Games
2068 Graphics ® ‘‘The Mystery of the Missing 253”
' And Lots More...
curry
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Curry Computer has
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“We know the QL ... We've been appreciating it longer.”
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SOFT FOR THE
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P.O. Box 5607
TRADE INQUIRES WELCOME
e Glendale, Arizona 85312-5607 e
1-602-978-2902 e Telex (via WUI): 6501267701
OFFICE: 2412 West Greenway e@ Suite B-10 © Phoenix, Arizona
July-August 1986
MAGAZINE
FOR ALL TIMEX AND
SINCLAIR COMPUTERS
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE Co.
29722 Hult Rd.» Colton, Oregon 97017
(503) 824-2658
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE is published bi-
monthly and is Copyright © 1986 by the Time
Designs Magazine Company, Colton, Oregon
97017. All rights reserved.
Editor: Tim Woods
Assistant Editor: Stephanie Woods
Editorial Assistant/Produetion: D.L. Woods
Photography:
(unless otherwise noted): Thomas Judd
Printing by; Toad’! Litho Printing and Comp.,
Oregon City, Oregon 97045
SUBSCRIPTIONS: $15 a year for six issues (US
funds only). No extra charge to Canadian
subscribers. Ail other countries please write for
information on air mail rates.
CUSTOMER SERVICE: Customer satisfaction is
our goal. For subscription service problems
please write or call TIME DESIGNS.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Write or call to prevent
delay of sevice,
Reproduction of this magazine in whole or in
part by any means without written permission is
prohibited by law
“NOTICE: Contributors to TIME DESIGNS are independent
of the TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE CO., and opinions ex-
pressed in the contents of the magazine are not necessarily
those of the management or its advertisers. Time Designs
Magazine Co, will notbe held iabie for any damage or conse-
quences resulting from instructions, assertions of fact,
review of products or companies provided in the magazine's
content."
COMMENTS
by the editor
Welcome to the “Serious” Side
A recent comment by Amstrad director, Alan Sugar,
sort of “ruffled my feathers" a bit...and I'd be curious
to get your reaction as well. To paraphrase, he stated
that Sinclair computers were very games orientated, and
that his own Amstrad models were for more “serious”
applications, If you've been a Sinclair “addict" for a
few years, as I have been, you might not have swallowed
that Tine.
Have you also heard what they have planned for this
coming fall? Amstrad has designed a games cartridge
player based on Spectrum 280 technology, but no keyboard
or programming ability, and will be sold as a Sinclair
product. I also understand that Activision (remember the
cartridges for the Atari 2600, that ended up selling for
$5 each in shopping mal1s?), will be jumping on the band
wagon.
It's just sad to see our powerful little computers
being panned as merely game playing devices, when there
is so much more potential to be explored.
There does appear to be a striking difference be-
tween computing interests here and abroad. Games do make
up about 90% of software sales in Great Britain, and if
you've glanced through the top selling U.K. Sinclair
magazines, you would understand where Mr. Sugar is
coming from, About every other page has a full color
advertisement for some new “mega hit".
Now don't get me wrong, I enjoy computer games very
much, I just slapped down $48 hard-earned dollars for
some more Spectrum games. The animation and graphics on
some of them are extremely brilliant and a real treat to
watch. Time Designs accepts and will print game listings
of all types.
Over the past few years, our community of Sinclair
users have struggted along with very little “outside”
Support, We have banded together, and have figured out
ways of doing things that no one would have imagined
possible with such “low-end microcomputers. We have
squeezed out every little bit of value that we could.
There are now full-blown CP/M options available and with
the appropriate interface, virtually any type of ex-
ternal peripheral can be added. Most of us continue to
Jearn as much as we can from the examples that our
fellow computerists have to offer.
Mr. Sugar...welcome to the "serious" side.
the editor"
Subscription Today!
see detalls on page 13
ALSO AVAILABLE FOR THE T/S 2068
POWERFUL AND INEXPENSIVE BUSINESS SOFTWARE
FOR ZX81, T/S1000 and T/S1500 COMPUTERS.
2ZX-TEXT
ANMUER €V ENTERING A NUMBER”
A word processor is to a computer user
what 4 typewriter is to a typist, except that the
former has more advantages than the latter
2X-Text can operate in 16-64K RAM providing
from 1300 to 6500 words per document. It
features 6 ditterent options: write, read, dit,
print, save and clear text. Text is written on a
per-line basis with quick speed and with
horizontal back-space and delete capabilities
being available. You can also access the
editor directly trom write mode and vice-versa.
Text can be proot-ead on a per-line basis
allowing for enough time te determine if any
editing is needed. Tha text editor allows a line
‘of text to De deleted, inserted, replaced and
listed for editing. You may also change a word
of expression within a line, stop or start text
while it is scrolling up the screen, begin
reading text {rom the first line of the file,
enter write mode from the editor, return to the
main-meny of create @ window so that you
can read-edit two files simultaneously. The
print option takes text displayed in 30-column
format on the screen and outputs to either the
ZX/TS printer, (With Memotech’s Centronics
Paraliel interlace 80-column and lower/
higher - case output is possible) Files may
be saved on tape cassette with the use of
‘one single Command, or by the same token they
can be erased from memory / storago so that
the full capacity of the program can be used
for other purposes such as composing letters,
reports, articles, memos, standard forms,
instructions, ads, graphs, telephone
directory. lists of customers, members,
friends..ete. Also copies of tiles ase always
Joss expensive and easier to run than using a
photocopier. Other advantages are savings in
time, paper, ink, correcting mistakes and
adding afterthoughts more efficiently than
doing them through either handwriting or
using @ typewriter.
$16.95
ZX-CALC
fe) Asean. mopmaguex
ae seoee
An electronic spreadsheet calculator is the
fundamental basictocl tor sunmarising, reporting
‘and analyzing in matrix form any accounting,
mathematical or scientitic manipulation of num-
bers, 2X-Caic operates in 32-64K RAM and affords
‘a maximum of 3360 charactors /spreadsheet. The
entire matrix onsistsof 1 Scolumns (letters A-O)
and 30 rows (numbers 1-30) with @ characters /
eli. Uniike other popular ESCs, 2X-Calc uses in
calculations and within cells all 14 math functions
on the ZX-81/TS1000. It offers a unique *SUM
function that totals one or mora rows /columns.
simultaneously. Parenthesis can be used within
equations. There 1s no fixed timit on how many
equations may be entered. Formulas may be
slorad in all 420 cells of the spreadsheet. The
display affords 15 rows /colums. Loadingo! data
into more than one calican accur across /down
‘one oF more row/column simultaneously. With
vertical windowing you can arrange a setot col-
‘umns in any order, or practice using fixed-variable-
alignment display forrnats. The menu offers 6
options: enter / erase, move, calculate, print.save
and clear the spreadsheet. Enter /erase allows
‘the entering, deletion or data alignment within a
cell through the use of a mobile cursor. Withthe
‘move option you may move around the antire
Sreadsheet to access any row, Column or cell.
The calculate aption allows youto enter labels,
values or formulas into a cell or write and enter
‘equations that willact uponthe data already within
the spreadsheet, You can also enter bargraphs
into a cellinthisoption. Absolute /relativereplica-
tion, down /acrossacolumn/row.isalsoaliowed
by this option. Also this option allows the aulo-
matic calculation of he entire spreadsheet with
ne single command Printailowsyoutooutputto
either the ZX/TS printer the entire spreagsheet by
colurnn-sets and row-pages through use af the
COPY command. The entire spreadsheet maybe
Saved on cassette tape or you may claar all data
{rom it or erase the program from RAM entirely
The most salient advantage provided by an ESC:
over specifically vertical applications sohware is
thal an ESC provides a reusable framework with
which you Gan compose any specific financial
model rather than just belimitedio onlyone st
cally xed format tor storing, cisplaying. and
‘manipulating numerical data
$16.95
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Time management Is an important aepact of
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Planning how to spend ourtime leaves us beter
prepared betore and while we are spending it
and we remain better organized atter we finish
spending it. 2X-Calendar operates in 16-64K
RAM affording 25 appointments in 16K, 100 in
32K or 180 in 48K and 64K. Each
appointment record holds a maximum of 220
characters. The main menu includes enter,
search/chéck/sort, change, save, clear and
print any and all eppointments made on a
specific date or with any party. Output to either
the ZX/1S printer is permissible. This program
will permit you to ramamber ta do something or
to be somewhere important by cataloging your
answers to six questions that you must account
{or in order not to waste time when it is scarce:
when, with whom, at what time, for how long,
whore and what are you going te discuss and
conclude when you get together with someone
else? The program lets you permanently
original record, classify, search, sort,
calculate, modity, summarize, obtain a writien
report and store your answers to the preceding
questions 80 that you will not forget what you
decide to do with your time. This program
identities your time according to when you are
going to spend it’and with whom you ere going
to share it. Through these forms of tabeling
appointments you are able to verity or modify.
how your time is budgeted without wasting ink,
paper or mora time trying to remember what you
said 10 yourself or what someone ise said to.
you, or where’ you placed certain written
messages that you now can't find. With tis
program. you will know where you can find
exactly what you need to know about where you
want to and have to be, of where you have been,
before you get and atter you got thera, Thus, 2X-
Calendar wil let you plan your time #0 that you wll
ever have to worry about what is ahead or what
‘came before, for you will always know, by using it,
to never be caught astray by any time-frame,
$16.95
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FLORIDIANS ADD SALES TAX
LETTERS
“I have started a Users Group in the
Area, I am having trouble locating users. The name of
our Group is: Harrisburg Area Timex Sinclair Users
Group, H.A.T.5. meets on the third Wednesday each month.
I started the group with a few names I received from
Russell Electronics. 1 originally visited the users
group in State College, Pennsylvania, but that is too
far to drive."
Harrisburg
Sincerely,
Harrisburg Area TS Users Group
c/o Dave Bennett
329 Walton St. {Rear}
Lemoyne, PA 17043
Edéton: Hope that printing your address here wilt bring
in some mone members for your group, I might add that we
wie print the address of any group that sends in the
dngonnation.
To the editor and the readers,
"I want to introduce myself to you.
Charles E, Goyette. I live in the province of Quebec
(Canada) where French is the spoken language, That is
the reason why my way to write is so strange; I am not
used to English.
I liked Time Designs so much that I decided to give
my programs to the readers. CAVERN, the program you have
seen in the last edition (May/June ‘86), was not, I
admit, an excellent program. I had a few “bugs" and it
was slow too. But in the month of May, I programmed the
game SKI, which is listed elsewhere in this magazine. It
is, I think, a pleasant game which has speed, and fea~
tures good improvements compared to CAVERN, I hope you
will enjoy it as much as I enjoyed programming it.
I must say on the other hand, that we have lost one
brilliant programmer for the Timex computers...John
Coffey [Editor's note: he is programming for the Atari
ST line of computers now]. I imagine that it took him
over 300 hours of work to create DIAMOND MIKE II, a game
that all of us should have bought...there is always
someone “crying” because there is no software for the
Timex computers...here is a guy who is just doing that:
software! But John, I wish you good luck in all your
enterprises. And to you the readers, it's not too late
to buy DIAMOND MIKE II. But don't wai
My name is
Chartes E. Goyette
Drummondville, Quebec
Canada
Editon: Changes, I neally enfoyed playing SKI the other
night--it's addictive and neatly gave the flavor of down
hie (Alpine) aking la favorite past-time during the
winter months here in the northwest). One of our readers
aequested an exptanation on how to program the Little
"spaceshép" figure in the CAVERN Liating {and probably
the gigures in SKI as well). Maybe you could enlighten
us with a programming tip for the next issue?
T had a chance to speak briefey with John Coffey at
the T/S Computergest in Cincinnati. Abthough he praised
the Atard ST'S, he mentioned how easy it was to get good
Results from his Timex/Sinckain. I have a “hunch” that
we might be hearing gxom him again. Also note that
Diamond Mike TI is avaigable from IRC Software, WMI Data
Systems, RWG Enterprises, and other dealers as weet,
“I read with some interest, in the March/April ‘86
issue of Time Designs, The problems James F. 8rezina had
with the fact that the function INT ($0(675)) equaled
25, He felt there was something wrong with his 2068, and
your reply stated that your 2068 did the same thing, and
the "flaw" was in the RON. In actuality there is no
flaw. All computers use some sort of “successive approx-
imation" to evaluate functions such as the square root,
It carries the approximation to the point that success~
ive answers are, to the accuracy of the computer, equal.
If you will ask the 2068 to PRINT 26-SQ(676), you will
find the answer is something like 7.45E-9. Since the
computer is accurate to & figures, this small residual
is treated as zero. That is, it is treated as zero by
the computer but not by the INT function which truncates
to the next lower whole number,
This is not a problem unique to the 2068. I have
worked on very large computers, and had essentially the
same problem. The lesson to be learned is that branch
points should be tested before running a program, There
are a number of ways to circumvent the problem. Mr.
Brezina used one in changing the store number to 687, A
second is to add .§ to the number for which the integer
value is desired. This assures the number is rounded,
and not truncated. A third method is to provide a range
for the branch value. For example, if the branch test is
for some function to equal 0, then the instruction
should be for the absolute value of the function to be
less than some small number such as .0001.
I hope this information will aid others who are
writing programs to avoid a pitfall that took me over a
week to discover the first time I ran across it. And re~
assure 2068 users that Mr. Brezina’s problem does not
indicate a flaw in their machine.
Very truly yours,
Vance J. Carpenter
Fairport, NY
Editon: Perhaps "flaw" was a poor choice of words...
thanks fon setiing the record straight, and sharing your
Aips on connecting 2068 mathematical routines--a subject
that is baiedly discussed in the users manuae.
“As an additional bit of trivia on Richard Hurd's
keyboard article, try a coating of clear fingernail
polish to the keys. This will stop the wear-out of the
letters. I have tried several brands and have found that
Max Factor #13 Clear is the best. It leaves a clear
transparent coating. I have two 2068's...the first I
wore the letters off the keys in nothing flat. The
second one I coated, and it is still going strong after
a years hard use. E. Arthur Brown has key legends with
sticky backing for $1.50 a set, I got one and they seem
to be real nice."
P.S. Amen to Dunnington's "All Caps Please", I am an old
duffer with trifocals,
Dudly S. Rea
Priest River, Idaho
Editon: Mn, Rea abso enclosed a céitcudt diagram for
adding automatic two-key entny from a one-key chosure,
to answer a question posed in Richard Hurd's external
keyboard article (see the May/June issue). Ran out of
space, but we'ke print it in the next issue,
ee
Sinclair Micro Update
Ste Olives Spectrum 128 WIT] now oo
rubber-keyed" Spectrun's went.,."owt the daor’
prieed to elt. The Spectrum 128 eust aske room for
nes SPECTRUM PLUS THO, which Amstrad tes atready put
into praduction for the upcoming Caristmas season. ‘The
trum will be ® repeckegmd 128, with two genuine
ck ports and a cassette tape recterder built-in,
Industry watchers have commented on the ccna
thet Anstrad ig giving the Sinclair iine. euler
expert remarked, "The Spee arent is @ full J iedged Amstrad
a true, that the simflarities between the
wew Siectraa Plus Two and the Anstrad C82 462 are re
warkabie,
BA Swith’s and Ofxens (large retatl
slaced the Spectrum 128 en sale st around
sSUAliy PACKOGES WIth Game tofiware or an inexpensive
dot matrix, printer. The Spectram Plus goes for about
4108 with extras", and the Gritign OL 1s priced at £200
amd ini chutes @ printer,
further developments, Sir Clive Sinclede will
head and develop the long-awaited portable FAWOURA
nis owt, with a yet um-named financer. Amatrad has ex-
oregsed ng interest in computer, ag if wivid est
Vikely compete with existing Ame rad fodels, The Pandora
has been anneunced as using Flat Screen Television tech-
wology, but Sfr Chive hes had @ change of mind Vetwly.
and is Isoking at Haquid-crystal menttors.
dust befers the Sinclair "breekoup”
puter fad been on the drawing heard,
and pick-named the “Super Spectrum®.
the wey the
eral
the
chains? have
$139, and
an
another con
code-named LOKI,
1t wes fumerad to
Meet the QL Clones
Support for QL Continues
The GL will continue on as a prefesctowal
dus t¢ three possible i
duction scom, The first to be annownced 16
the CST fa di ae FE oft (software
compsay, 5
“THORS.
QL Based machine called
Que housing the G008,
use cuatie display hips in order te Pusctien mich lke
ore‘s expansive Amigs, and have 2564 on Board BAN.
nat know at this Woe, if Amstrad will use the
Loki technelogy, of Hf Str Clive wit] market 1¢ binselt.
ather of the
«Right: §
new mice
inch floppy drives, S40" RAN, atl Input/Dutpur pores
ard built-in ICE (of course), while the other unit sil?
be 5 separate [8%-style keyboard attached fa the moth
it vis 6 telephone cebla. any options are ta be
such as 3 68020 precessor board, end a 20 maga
ped igh. The basic model will start at sround
Another Gl-based micracemputer ts being seveleped
by QU0S author Tony Tabby, and called the "OLY. He wiTT
ba developing and g the machine with amather
ai
company, waa wf ll] hi @guel shares in the ‘{myaatment,
& third QL is rumored be in the works k¥ an une
named American company, who will fave the computers
mamufectured by original QL fectories, Thorn in the U.K.
and Samsung in Taiwan. The manufactuiag Fights
betng negotisted between the dmerican
Amstrad as we went to press.
In a recent gathering of GL software ane hardware
venders ant manufactures, 2 general concensus was ex-
Presses ty continue sujyerting the QL indefinitely, The
caucus met in Londen, Lagland, ang in:luded som rep-
tives fror tne U.S, Several software nouses have
down’ telr operations, ane are te ased on
pales.
vere
fnyestors and
Super ZX81 Support from Scotland
ZX-B1 and T/S1000 Users--even though Software Farm
(the short-lived 2X software company and support group)
of Great Britain has “bought the farm” (as a manner of
speaking), there is an excellent source of information
and support that you might not be aware of (and just
when you thought that the computer world had ignored you
for good).
Nick Godwin of Berwickshire, Scotland, has pro-
grammed @ very extensive "2X81 EXTENDED BASIC", that is
reported to rival the Spectrum, ZXfB is supplied on tape
complete with @ ten page users manual. The Extended
Basic utility contains 44 additional instructions, in-
Cluding special graphics commands such as FLASH, and
machine code routines such as CALL, which permits any
user-specified code routine to be called directly from
Basic (whether in ROM or RAM). The price of ZXEB is £10,
Also available is an outstanding bi-monthly news-
letter called "ZX Broadsheet". It is simply packed with
Programs and programming tips. ZX Broadsheet has been
around for about five years now, with the latest issue
running ten pages. A sample issue is priced at 41.50,
When correspanding with Nick Godwin, be sure to
include a S.A.S.E. (with the proper over-seas return
Postage). Send inquiries to: Nick Godwin, 4 Hurkur
Crescent, Eyemouth, Berkwickshire, Scotland, TD14 SAP.
TIME DESIGNS Acquires SUM
Time Designs Magazine Company has acquired SUM
Magazine of Gainesville, Florida. SUM (The Sinclair/
Timex Users Magazine) has been published for two years,
but was previously the newsletter of the T/S Users Group
in Gainesville {founded in September 1982). The talents
of Joe Williamson, the editor, and Richard Cravy, the
publisher, produced a very attractive Sinclair magazine/
newsletter, that was mailed on pretty much a monthly
basis, and for the most part, was published on time (an
unusual occurance in our particular industry).
Time Designs has decided to absorb SUM into TOK,
instead of publishing two separate Magazines. As a
result, Time Designs Magazine will be physically larger,
and will have the largest circulation of any related
magazine in the United States. All previous subscribers
Ts 2068
LETTER FROM THE EDITOR OF SUM MAGAZINE
We at SUM Magazine would like to thank all of
you for the support you have shown over the past
years, The activity in the Sinclair/Timex market
seems to be ever growing, and it is exciting to see
so many of you sticking with what many people con-
sidered to be a “dead computer, This tells you
something about the "power" of our computers that
others just don't see!
Richard and I have found that you can't take
the work that goes into this magazine lightly, What
used to be just a simple part-time job has grown
into one that requires full time attention. In the
Meantime, both Richard and I have taken on more and
more responsibility in our full-time jobs and are
finding it more and more difficult to find the time
it takes to bring you the quality magazine that you
have come to expect.
With this in mind, we have worked out an agree-
ment with Time Designs Magazine, where we will merge
with them to bring you the largest and most compre-
hensive magazine in the U.S. Sinclair/Timex market.
We, along with the staff of TOM, will continue to
bring you the quality reading you have come to
expect. The July issue will be the last issue put
out by SUM Magazine.
to SUM will receive Time Designs, to fulfill their
Present subscriptions. This wit] be conducted on a bi-
monthly basis as opposed to the monthly format of SUM.
All subscribers who received both magazines will have
their subscription to Time Designs extended accordingly.
We welcome a1] SUM subscribers, and would like to
mention that we are very committed to publishing a
quality magazine for Sinclair enthusiasts. All comments,
questions, or subscription service problems can be
forwarded to us at--TDM, 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, OR
97017. We would also like to wish Joe Williamson’ and
Richard Cravy the best of luck! Although SUM readers
can be assured that they have promised to contribute an
article now and then. Be sure to read the following
letter from Joe,
--Tim Hoods
Time Designs Magazine will cover all subscrip-
tions on through to their expiration date. Those who
have a subscription to both SUM and TDM will have
their subscription extended by the amount of time
they have left with SUM, So you will continue to
have uninterrupted service of the best resource for
your computer around,
Time Designs Magazine is dedicated to the
Sinclair/Timex market with coverage on all Sinclair/
Timex computers and they are continually expanding.
They have top notch writers like Wes Brzozowski, Bob
Orrfelt, and Michael Carver and publishing is their
only business.
Tim Woods, the editor, along with his wife,
Stephanie, the assistant editor, are looking forward
to bringing you the best in news, articles, programs
and projects available.
Richard and I are sorry that we had to come to
this decision, but we both feel that it is the best
for everyone involved and we hope that you will
understand and support our endeavor to serve you
best.
Thank you,
doe Williamson
Richard Cravy
P.S. Congratulations to Tim and Stephanie on the
birth of their son, Timothy Dean Woods, born on June
10th at a healthy eight pounds!
Product/Dealer News
Gulf Micro Electronics, 1317 Stratford Ave., Panama
City, FL 32404, has available a comprehensive software
package on either cassette or special expanded version
on disc for Aerco FD-68 users. Entitled SMART TEXT TS-
2068, the author, Bill Jones, refers to the package as
“Administrative Software”. There are four operating pro-
grams, including a Data Base, a Word Processor, a Mail-
ing List Manager, and a special Printer Patch program.
Disc version comes with an automatic, self-adapting
version of Printer Patch, and a Program Tutor file. Both
versions come with full documentation, Price $34.00 ppd.
When requesting information, ask about new versions for
the Oliger Disk System and Zebra's OS-64 Cartridge.
Speaking of Aerco's popular disc system, there is a
specialty user group catering to this system and a news-
letter which is publsihed quarterly. Cost for a one year
subscription is $15, For information, write to: David
Hill, 1159 S. Shore Or. #12, Holland, MI 49423,
You might also consider subscribing to a cassette-
based magazine for the T/S 2068 called BYTE POWER. Each
tape has programs ranging from Arcade games to Business
programs. There are also reviews and programming tips.
One tape (sample issue) is $5.50. Six issues, $29,99,
and 12 issues for $49,99. Send check or money order to:
Byte Power, 1748 Meadowview Ave., Pickering, Ontario,
Canada LIV 368.
Sprite graphics, the key to successful game pro~
gramming is an area that hasn't been addressed too often
for the 2068. Now two programmers (from separate states)
have collaborated on a new software development package
called SPRITES 2068. It contains several machine code
utilities, demos, and a 34 page manual. Priced now at
$19 ppd. Send check or money order and inquiries to
either: Vern Tidwell, 1303 Whitehead St., Key West, FL
33040, or Ron Ruegg, 37529 Perkins Road, Prairieville,
LA 70769.
Beaver Computer Products, 999 Munroe Ave, Winnipeg,
Manitoba, Canada R2K 104, the company that features
“extended video mode" software for the T/S 2068, has
some new titles. "Beaver Writer" is touted as the first
80 column word processor for the 2068, and "Character
Font Generator" lets you add character (pun intended) to
programs and text. Prices: Beaver Writer, $25 (U.S.),
Character Font Generator, $15 (U.S.). A catalog which
includes a demo tape is available for $1,50 (U,S,).
Some very exciting software has been developed by
another Canadian company called Novelsoft (106 Seventh
Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M8Y 354). Some of you
may be familiar with David C. Ridge, who has had his
ARTWORK marketed in Great Britain for the Spectrum, and
is currently the Senior Programmer for Novelsoft. Now
there is an improved version of his popular graphics
package for the T/S 2068 called ARTWORK version 1.1. It
is priced at $19.95 (U.S.} + $3 postage. Another program
being offered for the 2068, and should sel? quite well
here in the states, is a Basic Compiler called TIMACHINE
and is reported to outperform any compiler on the market
today for the Timex. Timachine will handle al? Basic
commands (except 1/0), and will convert your program to
fast machine code in seconds, The program is priced at
$19.95 (U.S.) + $3 postage,
A.F.R, Software, 1605 Pennsylvania Ave. #204, Miami
Beach, FL 33139, has three software programs for the
T/S 1000/1500/2X81 (and versions for the 2068). 2X~TEXT
is a word processor, 2X-CALC is professional spreadsheet
program and accounting model package, and ZX-CALENDER is
tine-management program, All three titles are priced at
$16.95 each + $3 postage.
BF Kimbrough KEL “In-Memory Operating System Ver.
1.0" for the T/S 1000 and Zx81, is an interesting soft~
ware utility, It is written in relocatable machine code
and operates in BASIC or user defined area. The oper-
ating system also features ten user-definable function
keys. Price: $7.97. Send check or money order to: BF
Kimbrough, 723 Roselle Ave. Fir 2, Akron, OK 44307.
COMLINK I is an RS-232 serial communications inter~
face for the T/S 1000 and 2X81. Al] software is in EPROM
for instant Toading, and COMLINK I can be used with any
300 baud modem, All operating power is derived from the
Sinclair. The advanced software is menu-driven and has
many features including user defined Macro keys, auto-
repeat, expanded character set, and more. For further
information and prices, write to: A. Eckhardt, 916 Anna
Street, Soalsburg, PA 16827.
Curry Computer, PO Box 5607, Glendale, AZ 85312,
has obtained the exclusive marketing rights to an out~
standing line of software developed in France, Pyramide
Software for the QL, is popular in Europe, and has now
come to America (thanks to Curry). WANDERER is a 3-D
space arcade game that requires the user to wear the
supplied red/blue glasses. VROOM is a racing simulation.
The driver sits ina Grand Prix racer, and maneuvers
around five different tracks. QL-PEINTRE is a graphic-
design package that is very similar to MacDraw and Mac~
Paint. OTHELLO is a 3-D (no glasses required with this
one) version of the classic game. Write to Curry for a
complete catalog with prices.
PCIMPORT is a program that permits your QL to down-
load ASCII files from an IBM PC via direct link. This
permits the transfer of documents, program source code
or any other ASCII encoded file from the IBM PC to the
QL. Also included is a conversion program that converts
Micro Soft Basic to QL Super Basic. For a catalog of
QL items and prices (including PCIMPORT), write to;
MIN-NY Electronics Inc., 7332 Douglas Or., No. Brooklyn
Park, MN 55443,
A+ Computer Response of Keene, New Hampshire, has
added five new American QL dealers to their list, making
a total of 17. The new dealers are: Markel Enterprises,
PO Box 2392, Secaucus, NU 07094; C.W. Associates, 419 N.
Johnson St., Ada, OH 45810; Variety Sales, 325 W. Jersey
St., Elizabeth, Nu 07202; Quantum Computing, 8 Gillen
Street, Mine Hill, NJ 07801; and Info-Mation, RR#1 Box
260, California, MO 65018.
The Second Annual Mid-West Timex/Sinclair Computer-
fest will be held in Indianapolis, Indiana on the first
weekend of May 1987. The core of organizers for the
Cincinnati show are currently slating plans for the 1987
“reunion” of dealers, exhibitors, and Sinclair fans from
the mid-west and virtually everywhere else. If you would
like to obtain some preliminary information...write to:
Frank Davis, 513 East Main St., Peru, IN 46970 (send a
S.A.S.E.) or call (evenings) 317-473-4885, There has
been interest expressed in T/S Computerfests for the New
York/New Jersey area, and for the west coast (possibly
San Francisco?), but so far, nothing definite has been
planned.
“Commrades,..a11 together now...enter the keyword
[PRINT] and foliowed by CARL MARX in quotations.“ And
its all for the good of the party! Whats going on here?
The Polish government is about to receive 800,000 Timex
2068's and 200,0G0 FDD-3000 Dual 3° Disk Drive Systems,
to be used im public schools and institutions, The “iron
curtain" deal was recently struck between the Timex
Corporation and a Polish jndustrial firm (through a
neutral distribution agency. 0.K., now how many issues
of TOM should be shipped?
The temporary shortage of three inch (Hitachi type)
floppy disks is over.,.and supplys are very good. The
following companies have the “special” disks in stock
for immediate shipping: Zebra Systems Inc., (718) 296-
2385; Peripherals Direct, (312) 498-9244; Speedysoft
(London, England) 01-789-8546; various other dealers
around Great Britain. Resulting from & recent deal
struck between Amstrad International and Sears, various
selected Sears outlets will carry the 3" disks.
Now at last...
The FootePrint Printer Interface
The FootePrint Printer Interface was originally described in the January-March 1985 issues of SUM Magazine.
Now improved and professionally built, it is available direct from the designer! FootePrint plugs into the
cartridge slot of the TS-2068 and works with both Tasman (B and C) and Aerco print driver software. Just
load the software and print. No POKES required. No modifications.
* plugs into cartridge dock—door completely
closes with cable running back under computer
© frees up rear edge connector allowing other
peripherals to be used; less chance of a crash
© print driver software for LPRINT, LLIST, and
COPY included for 2068 and Spectrum modes
¢ for Centronics parallel printers
© works in both 2068 and Spectrum mode
* compatible with OS-64 & Spectrum emulators
* EPROM socket and on/off switch on board
® requires no modifications to computer
FootePrint Interface w/software & cable
FootePrint with OS-64 option included ..
Bare board & instructions only
Cable only for use with bare board
$45 postpaid
-- $65 postpaid
-- $15 postpaid
All prices are pre-paid and include shipping charges. Florida residents must add 5% state sales tax.
FOOTE SOFTWARE
P. O. Box 14655 — Gainesville, FL 32604
904/462-1086 (6 pm - 9 pm EDT)
SHARP’S, INC.
Rt. 10, Box 459
Mechanicsville, VA 23111
(804) 746-1664 or 730-9697
QL RGB Color Monitor. QL Chess..
QL Printer... QL Fligh
512K RAM. . B LC.E.
256K RAM. QL Mouse.
Microdrives...
QL Service Manual.
(Block & Circuit
+» $9.95 each
Sinclair QL Adventures
Sinclair QDOS Companion
Machine Code Programming
The Working Sinclair
Word Processing with the QL
Database Management on the QL
Advanced Programming on the QL
T/S 2068 Software
War in the East
Ardennes
Fall of the Third Reich
Britain Invaded!
Introduction to Superbasic
Making the Most of the QL
Developing Applications on QL
$ 19.95 Each
$ 34.90 Any 2
$ 49.85 any 3
VISA & MASTER CARD accepted with 3% surcharge. Free shipping, Most orders sent out in 48 hours. Write or call for catalog.
MARKEL
BELIEVES
IN THE QL
Mark L. Fendrick is happy to announce that MARKEL ENTERPRISES is now an
authorized QL dealer. To celebrate, TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE subscribers
can take $25.00 off the purchase of a 128K GL computer. (These are
true American models and carry the U.S. warranty.) All GL’s come with
QL Quill (wordprocessor), QL Archive (database), QL Easel (Business
Graphics), and QL Abacus (spreadsheet). The GL has two built in drives
and can be used immediately after unpacking.
To get your discount send the coupon below with your subscription label
QL 128K computer with software....... wee SZ2I9095
QL RGB color monitor (cable included) + $299.95
QL printer (serial with Near Letter Guality Print) cccccccccccss. 8299. 95
Combination I...QL w/either monitor or printer..
wt eee ee ee $575.00
Combination II..QL w/printer AND monitor.......
wetness $795.00
SPECIAL DEALS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDENTS. WRITE OR CALL FOR DETAILS.
Add 3% for shipping and handling. Street address needed for shipping.
NY and NJ residents add appropriate sales tax.
Sorry-—-no credit card orders-—-yet.
More items available....write for catalogue.
------------ === —--—-MARKEL ENTERPRISES--
$25.00 off $25.00 off
With the purchase of any
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTION LABEL REQUIRED
—- One coupon per customer —
expires August 31, 1986
$25.00 of F $25.00 oft
Se enn nnn MARKEL ENTERPRISES-—
MARKEL ENTERPRISES/P.O. Box 2392/Secaucus, NJ 07094-0992/ (719) 627-1293
by Mike de Sosa
Unlike previous Sinclair computers, the Sinclair QL
was not--by design--optimized for computer games. The
sound and graphics systems of the QL are adapted for
professional and business use, partly in an attempt by
Sinclair Research to live down a reputation as a pro-
ducer of computers for children, But the innate flexi-
bility of the QL's CPU, QD0S, and SuperBASIC permits
certain types of computer games to be programmed which
are second-to-none, Psion's QL-Chess, the world's micro~
computer chess champion in 1984, 1s, in every way--
playing strength, flexibility, appearance, and user-
friendliness--absolutely superior and a very good buy.
It can provide chess fans at any level, countless hours
of delight, instruction, and analysis (of chess prob~
lems, tournament games, ect.). Psion's Match Point is
another example of their formidable prowess in pro-
gramming life-like computer simulations--in this case,
tennis.
L-Chess is a comprehensive, realistic simulation
of the ancient game featuring 3-D pieces and playing
board (no glasses required), 28 levels of play from
novice to champion, chess clocks, too many analysis
functions to describe in a short article, and numerous
playing options. Get it. You'll love it. One of the best
computer programs of all time, a steal at $25. (At
today's prices, the combination of the QL and QL-Chess
alone~-never mind the QL's other uses--make it an ex-
ceedingly good buy; it is ironic, perhaps, to consider
how well-received such a combination might be in a
chess-playing nation such as Russia.)
If you use a QL with additional RAM and QL-Chess
will not load correctly, try deleting lines 110 ani
of the BOOT program on your backup copy of the program
cartridge. This shouldn't work, but it does for me, Some
programs don't work with a full 640K RAM on the QL, so,
if like me you hesitate to remove a difficult-to-install
RAM card before loading a game, inguire of your dealer
whether a given game wit] work with your QL set-up.
Psion's Match Point is a tennis simulation fea-
turing extraordinary graphics (even the shadow of the
ball on the playing surface is true-to-life, as are the
ball boys and girls who retrieve net balls). A game for
one or two players, Match Point provides the opportunity
for both strategy and dexterity--you can decide whether
to employ a baseline or net game on each service and,
depending upon the movement of your player and the
timing of his swing, impart various kinds of “stuff” to
‘the ball.
As is the case with OQl-Chess, the rules
computer game are the same aS those for the
and play is only slightly less difficult. Unless they
are really virtuosi, small children may find con-
siderable difficulty in returning balls. A stick is a
necessity--play with the cursor and SPACE keys is a near
impossibility. (The Archer Deluxe Competition Joystick,
of the
real gane,
available from Radio Shack, is a good economical choice
for this and other games.)
Match Point is visually attractive and chalienging
(demanding might be a better word) enough to hold an
adult's interest over time, And, if you find that play--
even at the quarter finals level--is too tough for you,
it is always a pleasure to watch the computer a computer
demo game at the finals level,
After the Psion games, there is, with few excep~
tions, a distinct drop-off and a wide variance in the
quality of "lesser" games. In what follows, I will only
discuss the relatively few QL games that I've actually
tested, 50, if I have left out your favorite game, for~
give me and consider touting it yourself, in a letter
to the editor. .
War _In The East by Mark Steuber of SHARP 's INC.,
in Virginia, 1s the first major American game for the QL
and is, in its way the equal of Psion's games, A mili-
tary strategy and tactics game like its Avalon Hill and
Strategy and Tactics forebearers, but with all of the
time-consuming and Taborious tasks fully automated--you
don't even need a pencil--War In The East is a simu~
lation of the Russo-German ~ con’ luring World War
Two. Three scenarios are available: Scenario I, “Barba-
rossa 1941", dealing with the epic Nazi invasion and
near conquest of Soviet Russia before and just after
Pearl Harbor; Scenario II, “Stalingrad 1942", dealing
with the second summer of the Nazi-Soviet conflict and
the psychological turning point of World War Two; and
Scenario II], “Destruction of Army Group Center 1944",
dealing with the German Army's Gotterdammerung attempts
to withstand overwhelming Soviet supertority at the end
of the war, War In The East comes with Scenario I in-
cluded; the other two scenarios are available for pur-
chase separately.
Taking six or seven hours to play, War In The East
may not be a game for everyone, but it represefits an
extremely accurate representation of the several cam-
pafgns--so much so that it should be very useful in
teaching mobile land tactics and strategy to military
officers in staff colleges. I don't know of a comparable
personal computer game in this regard. At move 14 when
screen display of Pston's QL-CHESS
akes aver,
turns whit
nd
RER, by Byramide of Paris, is a ste
f-the-
art, Space adventure game--you actually wear a pair
of cardboard spectacles with one red and one biue lens--
in which you maneuver your space craft, attempt te eva
or destroy hestile spacecraft, test your wits in a poker
ike exercise, explore black hol ect., a2] in
supreme effort to rescue your neig § cat
Subtitled, ‘The Planets Piay Power
unique in its ine gr Sa
ugi te hold your interest, even with
you wear glasses yourself even it
sider using clear coiered plastic, a produ
at large stationers' ca Chart-Pak
piastic in the cardb that Come
to your gl fr
r documentation is i u Pe are ar
You replace your acecraft's f and wir
zapping other space vericle: riendly
ve you can conve
@ t. TIP: save you
for extra or replacement
craft ¢
they 2
here er
fire, but the is an alarm to war
being shot our spac
ith twa
responsibility to
fields against multiple
and
ang, inciudin
ar deceptively
are designed to attrite
L Britisn radar roairfi
to defend}, still others
né industrial
froup Air Contro?]
cice when to Tau fight
cide which German “rafd
ainst these raids fr
and at the proper altitut
break off attacks
in order te
ascono mean ta
mbat {RAF fighter
lative number f aircra
factors, and ammunitic
endly fire’; monitor airfielg st.
such things communications ai
and clearing the field for
incoming me
tify all oi
of air raid warn | clear" signais--yes, you
a respect by the num 4
c incurred ang factory production
t. And if all of this were not
sinnin plates Jevisic
minutes equals or
five levels of play n
eomours (e
phone rin
S attack heavily ed
4p Controller, make your first prior-
cities or the oreservat {
whet stage of their sort
ighters to minimize losses duet
running out of gas? Snould at
@ empiayed in certain key sectors, ect., ect
graphics are serfectly adequate but not spec-
Wkly recommended, Not for hypertensives
Hygerdrive, by David Woodward and The Engl ist
Company, 13 a one-player, 160% macnine-cece
grand prix motor racing game ts features de
t apa five skill levels, must sau
: nad hazards in the form of oil slick
to the pext higher stage (skii? level and roed-
way}, you must pags 2
As a grand prix orfiver
Steer right ott
within a short time lint
may throttle
brake, anc
In GL byperdriy. advanced stages
swerve toward you necessitating promot eva
recemend use of a joyst lay is
ing the cur It take
crage speed of about $0 ta q
it is, smaller
ualify for aigner
le matter to
so in the time ava
QL Bridge Piayer II is a one-player contract bridge
simulation by CP Software. it employs the somewhat
quirky British ACOL bidding system which many American
players may find annoying. Computer play is at times
weak and inconsistent, and there is no analysis of
bidding or play, that is, it does not explain reasons
for a given bid or play. But all of these shortcomings
are easily corrected. If our QL distributors squawk
Toudly enough, CP Software may replace Ql Bridge Player-
II with the much improved Bridge Player ITI, now avail-
able for the Spectrum. As Ts stands, OL Bridge Player-
LIL, though somewhat entertaining, is not recommended
its present form.
1986 Thomas B. Woods Award. In the March/April ‘86
issue of Time Designs, I offered a $10 cash award to the
first reader to come up with a program for the QL com-
parable to the following old Sinclair program and using
ten or less program statements:
in
10 INPUT “Formula? "; n@
20 PRINT n$;" = "3 VAL n&
30 GO TOD 10
Sinclair SuperBASIC does not include the VAL function.
There were no submissions, but, for those of you
interested, I did figure out a QL procedure that would
produce the result. Since it entails using a Microdrive,
disk, or RAMdisk file and the input/output of infor-
mation, it works best with RAMdisks. The following pro-
gram listing uses a Microdrive. To use RAMdisk, change
the indicated program lines to read as follows:
S FORMat rem6_10: OPEN #3,ser1
3 OPEN NEW #4,ram8_work
12 MERGE ram6_work
13 DELETE ramB work
Now Available!
“THE BEST OF SUM”
One of the most popular features of SUM Maga-
zine has been our stockpile of back issues. But our
stockpile has been depleted. In its place we now
have “The Best of SUM” — 112 pages of the arti-
cles, reviews, program listings, and hardware pro-
jects that have made SUM so popular — all taken
from the first 3 years of our publication.
Some of the articles include: Building Your Own
Spectrum Emulator, Doing 1000 Repairs, Word
Processors for the 2068, UDGs on the TS-1000,
Extensive Review of the Zebra Disk System,
Adding a Keyboard to the 2068, and Enhancing
the A & J Microdrive.
$11.95 postpaid
Figure 2.
DEFine PROCedure VAL
CLEAR: CLS
INFUT “Hard Copy? (Y/Nd: “
IF NOT ps=="y": GO TO 6
OPEN @3,ser1
PRINT “Enter math expression or ‘2’
VAL"
INPUT #43
IF #$=="2": CLOSE #3:
OPEN_NEW #4, mdv2_wor
PRINT #4,"14 y
CLOSE #4
MERGE mdv2_work
DELETE mdv2_work
REMar!
PRINT "= “ry
IF pSee"y": PRINT #3, F8:" =
GO 16 7
END DEFine
ppt
to ena
END DEFine
“38
Include the procedure in your BOOT or other programs or
ina collection of defined function and procedures. Call
the procedure by keying and entering VAL, then follow
screen instructions. The VAL procedure will evaluate all
mathematical expressions possible using SuperBASIC, in-
cluding those with root, power, and trig functions and
those using multiple sets of brackets. The procedure
gives you a printing calculator result on the screen or
your printer. I think you will come to find it one of
your most useful SuperBASIC procedures.
Next time: A surprise! I have requested the use of
some hardware for the QL and will discuss whatever turns
up of genera) interest.
WANDERER, SQUADRONS, QL HYPERDRIVE, and QL BRIDGE
PLAYER || were obtained from Curry Computer for the
QL GAMES article, QL=CHESS and MATCH POINT were
obtalned from RMG Enterprises. WAR IN THE EAST was
obtained from Sharp's, Inc.
Two Special Issues
SUM MAGAZINE
SUM Magazine has two Special Issues for sale
which were devoted to special topics:
QL Special Issue — 28 pages devoted mostly to an
indepth review of the QL hardware and an over-
view of the software. Very popular with readers
and of great interest to all thinking of purchasing a
Sinclair QL. Price: $3.95.
TS-1000 Special Issue — 28 pages devoted to arti-
cles, reviews and programs for the TS-1000 and
ZX-81 computers. A lot of new products are dis-
cussed and suppliers listed. Price: $3.95
Special Deal!! Get “The Best of SUM”
and BOTH Special Issues for only
516.95 postpaid
SUM Magazine, 3224 NW 30 Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32605 — 904/462-1086 (eve.)
iH
It is my hope that 2068 owners will read this re-
view as well as those with QLs. A review of ASTRONOMER
for the 48K Spectrum appeared in the January/February 86
issue of TIME DESIGNS, and in it I extolled its virtues.
2068 owners will be pleased to hear that ASTRONOMER 11
is out and includes many facilities not included in the
original. I will necessarily be doing some comparisons
between ASTRONOMER and COSMOS for the QL.
COSMOS is written by G.F. Cornwell for Talent Soft-
ware in Scotland, I must say that COSMOS takes longer
than any other QL program I have to load, It clocks in
at nearly three minutes during which time the QL drives
spasmotically whir on and off, which at first, might
make one think something is haywire in the QL. (ASTRON-
OMER takes 4:40 to load from cassette.) A beutiful pic-
ture of “Earth Rise" as seen by the Apollow astronauts
does come on after about 30 seconds. You will need a
monitor for COSMOS, as it locks up in our TY mode with
this picture on the screen. Ablack and white TY will
work in monitor mode, but many are not adjustable enough
to accomodate the entire COSMOS screen.
COSMOS is colorful, well Jaid out,
read. It is user friendly with lots of superimposed
menus and abilities to escape from most any option. A
backup copy is required and takes 10 minutes or so. This
can later be altered to include your latitude and
longitude so it need not be keyed in each time, which
ASTRONOMER does not allow, The select view option draws
any of eight compass direction views, overhead, or a
whole sky. This includes a1] the planets, 502 stars,
moon, sun and periodically a fuzzy blob which turns out
to be Halley's Comet, This takes 38 seconds--a Tittle
longer for the whole sky. A cursor option will give you
a@ quick screen full of info on whatever object you have
encircled including lots of star data, Even a graphic
depiction of the planets in their phases, the moons of
dupiter, and tilt of Saturn's rings are possible. All
of this uses the QL’s abilities which makes it almost
immediate after each key press. No constellation tracing
is provided for, though. A display of the inner and
outer planet's orbits is available, but mo animation is
possible as in ASTRONOMER,
I was horrified to discover that no printout option
is available! There is a screen dump option which allows
a copy of the current screen to be put on cartridge for
display at another time. 1 am assuming that such a file
and easy to
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE
Subscribe Today!
ONLY
$18 year
SIX ISSUES
(check one)
oO NEW SUBSCRIBER
d RENEWAL
Expiration date can be found on shipping label.
Example: Jul/86 = Jusy/August 1986——your last
Issue. A reminder notice will also be sent.
COSMOS QL Software Review by Paul Bingham
could be read back to a QL printer dump program, but the
scant documentation that comes with COSMOS gives no in-
dication of how,
COSMOS is replete with security measures. The
original must be present in drive 2 to load, and then
any attempt to break into the program {even accidental)
locks the QL up. I have been able to break into COSMOS
and get a listing either on my printer or the screen of
most of the files by using the QL's COPY_N command,
COSMOS is almost entirely BASIC so alterations and
additions may not be too tough. A printout capability
would certainly be great! COSMOS is very fast once its
loaded and contains much useful and interesting infor-
mation. Using the QL's abilities, COSMOS does quick and
accurate calculations. The ones I have checked are in
good agreement with other sources. I would recommend
COSMOS with the suggestion to write TALENT and see when
COSMOS I] will be coming out.
6
User Friendliness
@, Documentation
EE,
aia
Flexibility
Compatability
Lives up to Claims
WME +Uee of QL Abilities
2. Blank Cartridges Required
“@ Blank Cartridges Included
‘N@ Runs on U.S. T.V. mode
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NOW
THE SINCLAIR QL
HAS OUR
FULL SUPPORT.
A*+Computer Response proudly announces their
complete American support for the Sinclair QL and
these fully authorized dealers:
* Russell Electronics * RMG Enterprises * TE+ Computer Products * Sharp's Inc.
Red Mill Fd. 1419.5 Seventh St. Route 10, Box 459
Mechanicsville, VA 23114
804-746-1664
. 59 N.
Center Hall,PA 16828 Oregon City, OF 37405, Los
814-364-1325 503 213-669-1418
* Curry Com * Foundation Systems* Sunset Electronics * SCADMware
344 Banff Lane 17620 26 Mile 2264 Taraval St, Route 16, Box 37
Glendale, AZ 85306 Washington, MI 48904 San Francisco,CA 94116 Church Creek, MD 21622
602-978-2902 313-781-5800 415-665-8330 301-228-7810
. Pyramid Electronics + Harry S. Walters = * Kni ‘Computers * Brice Road Pharmacy
2174 Guit Gate Drive 101 Bassick Ad. 707 Highland St. 1653 Brice Road
Sarasota, FL 33581 Trumbull, Ct. O6611 Fulton, NY 13069 Reynoldsburg, OH 49068
813.922.0574 315.593.8219 614.861.
* C.W. Associates * Info-Matlon * Variety Sales
419 N. Johnson St. RR#1 Box 260 325 W ner St. . Make Enterprises
Ada, OH 45810 California, MO 65018 Elizabeth, NJ'07202 Secaucus, NJ 07094
(819) 634-4878 (314) 796-4921 (201) 289-5699 (718) 627-0034
* Quantum Computing
8 Gillen Street
Mine Hill, NJ 07801
AN Computer [Response
Prompt, Professional Sales & Service
69-B Island St. * Keene, N.H. 03431 © (603) 357-1800
14
T/S 1000/ZX81
External Keyboard Buffer
by Tim Stoddard
If you're like me, you like to attach nct only your
memory pack, but also a modem, a printer, a joy-stick
interface, an AC controller, and anything else that
there is room for behind the computer. One of the big
problems with this, especially if you have a matrix key-
board Tike the TI 99/4a that Radio Shack sells, attached
off the main circuit board, are those “unexplained”
crashes (the ones where you didn't touch any peripherals
on the back) or the external keyboard seems to "Tock-up"
on certain keys,
It's caused by the “antenna effect". The internal
or external keyboard is directly connected to the CPU
address bus through diodes, and acts like an antenna;
picking up all kinds of noise such as that emitted from
florescent lighting.
The diodes that are used to isolate the keyboard
matrix from the address bus help, but just don't do the
job, especially when you add that all-important external
keyboard to make your entry world a little easier. What
is needed is some sort of buffer to completely isolate
the address bus and provide plenty of “drive” to that
nice external keyboard.
A 74HCT245 buss driver to the rescue! This driver
not only provides the needed drive and isolation, but it
also almost solders right in! Note that you can also use
the slightly more inexpensive 74LS245, but it will use
more power and dissipate more heat inside your computer.
First open your computer by removing the five
screws on the bottom. When you do this, OBSERVE PROPER
STATIC PRECAUTIONS! Work on an anti-static mat or sheet
of aluminum foil. Keep your body in contact with the
mat/foil, while handling your computer and the 74HCT245.
Three of these screws are under the rubber feet. Take
the back off and locate the two screws that hold the
circuit board on to the top part of the case, Remove
these two screws and CAREFULLY watch those two internal
keyboard ribbon ribbon cables... and turn the Printed
Circuit Board over.
FIG1
(ComPownat Side)
UNsoupaR THIS LEAD
on ERY DIODE
Put EACH Dope
VA, THEW cur
KEY GoaeD e
Ripe > \ ores 7 were Cinse TO DIODE
cou ‘robes Beoy, TAtea DOPE
Auay, sive REMN ONG
eB ‘LEAD Sewterd TO ACB.
eD6e
Fig 2
( fay) E06E)
15
me ew OS Ces os es Oe
0 1 Ge Ces Gs 66 ton ts Ce Ge
OF Ge Oe Ge Om CS Oe oe tn ee
ee
CLEAR Soup Feom THE
BESS
FIG 3
(ou-conrouanr Sie)
Using figure 1 locate the eight diodes just above
the keyboard ribbon cables. Now using a pair of needle-
nose pliers and a LOW WATTAGE (10 to 22 watts) soldering
iron remove one side of each diode that is closest to
the keyboard connector.
Using Figure 2, bend and then cut each of the eight
diodes as shown,
. Next turn the PCB back over and working very care-
fully use a solder sucker or solder wick to remove the
solder out of the pads closest to the keyboard connector
and also from the pad just to the left of the left-mosi
diode location. See figure 3.
Baud THEsr LeMDs DUT Like Tins
Sounek Pwis 2-10 wre Howes ral
Gone>
Pus HIP TO
Batt otee MaMa PB)
Now view figure 4 and form the leads of the 74HCT-
245 as shown. Then add the three wires as shown in the
same figure to the IC.
Now looking at the component side of the board, in-
sert the IC so that pin 10 goes into the pad to the
right and pins 2-9, go into the pads, where the diodes
used to be. Check figure 5. Once you're sure the IC is
positioned correctly, solder pins 2-10 to the PCB, then
solder pins 11-18 to the wire leads from the diodes.
Lastly, using figure 6, solder the wire from pin 10
of the IC to the point shown in the same figure.
Re-assemble your computer, power up and try the
keyboard. If all is well, add all those peripherals and
Fig 6 enjoy. If your keyboard’ only partially works, check
(ComfPounuT Ste) those internal ribbon cables and insure that they are
nat broken,
T/S 1000
DIGITAL CLOCK
The followIng program was excerpted from the book: 420 PLOT 38,24
HIGHFALUTIN' COMPUTIN' by Bob Orrfelt. It Is re- 439 puot 38/20
printed here with permission from the author. Look $59 FoR Hea’ to F
for more excerpts In upgening Issues. You can obtatn
your own copy of this book from Sunset Electronics. 3510 LET Con
320 LF C0 THEN BDSUB 2000
Program 4-3 (from Chapter IV, which is a study on 530 LET X25
the fundamentals of Basic programming), is a Digital 540 GOSuD aecer
Clock that produces large numerals five lines high. 600 FOR T2U TO 5
Lines 100-130 define the four strings needed to 610 LET x=0
form parts of the numerals. [g ] indicates a graphics 620
mode space, so A$ is three black squares. Five C$'s each 330 wee nk HIGHFALUTIN’
printed just below the last one, form a 1. These are ET X=15 -
used in the PRINT statements. a pte Kemer COMPUTIN
Lines 200-250 define constants needed to compact 700 FOR B=0 TO 5
the program. Lines 2310-360 are used to set the starting 310 LET X=2t
time. U is the starting ten minutes digit and B becomes 320 GOSUB Kener
the units minutes digit. Lines 400-430 insert two colons 730 FOR $20 T0 0
at the proper position. 740 LET X25 Bob Orsfelt
Lines 500-990 are the timing loops for the clock. 800 FOR Z=1 10 0
The hours two digits are unique, Hours from] to 9 have B10 WEXT Z
a blank for the first digit, and only a 1 is needed for 900 NEXT §
the hours of 10 through 12. Line 520 tests for the 1. If 910 NEXT D
C is greater than 9; the program GOSUBs to line 2000 and 920 NEXT 4
inserts the 1. At 12:59:59 + one second line 970 resets 930 LET B=o
the hour to l and clears the screen, The clock then 940 NEXT T
starts off at 1:00:00. Lines 800-810 adjust the units 950 LET U=0 Timex Sineiarr 1000. Computer
seconds loop to one second. 960 NEXT H
Lines 1000-1095 are the PRINT statements to form 970 LET Aet
the digits. THere are five ATs on each PRINT line. N, 0, 780 CLS
P, QandR are the screen line locations. X is the 999 gory 400
column position. A$, BS, C$ and DS are the black squares 1000 PRINT AT H,1;AS,AT O,X;B9,AT P,X;BS,AT O,X;89,AT Fy
used to form the digits. Vee eet
as nea enies 1010 PRINT AT NjX;C8,AT O,X;C8,AT PyX;C8,AT B,X;C8,AT Ry
20 REN (C)R.ORRFELT VONS RETURN
REM AUG 1982 ed D,XC8,AT P,X5A8,AT @,X5D8,AT R,
ter poets toate its 1030 PRINT AT N,XFAS,AT O,X¢C8,AL PyKIAS,AT OXECH,AT RAXGAS
LET BheYg g* Cg IC Jtg 7 1c ra
Peli ie ea see a 1040 PRINT AT W,X;88,AT O,X;B6,AT F,X;AS,AT O,X;C8,AT Ry X38
LET BS2"g fg 30 309 Merete
Ter Oc? 1050 PRINT AT N,33A8,AT O,X;08,AT P,X7AS,AT G,XSCS,AT K,XGAS
ter Pet0 1055 RETURN
eh 1080 PRINT AT N,XZAS,AT O,XGUS,AT P,XIAS.AT G.XSBS,AT Ry K3AS
tee Rey 1065 RETURN
ut hae 1070 PRINT AT N,ATAS.AT O,X505,AT P,X3C8,AT O,X;08,AT K, x50
PRINT * INPUT HR AKD AW" 19¢-RETUAN
Taree 10B0 PRINT AT N,X5AS,AT O,X;R6,AT P,XjAS,AT O,X¢RS,AT RAS
te 1085 RETURN
INPUT B 1090 PRINT AT W,CZAG,AT 0, X3B8,AT P,X;A8,AT O,X3C8,AT F,XGAS
ols 1095 RETURN
LET UsINT (B/PD Seater nae
LET B=B-Pey :
2010 LET X=1
PLOT 18,24 2020 GOTO 1019
410 PLOT 18,20
TS 1000/1500 PROGRAM CHAINING
Part Two
by Earl Y. Dunnington
The first part of this series of articles covered:
the definitions of Linking and Chaining, how to make a
program self running, making one program module load
another, and the VARS method of passing data from one
Program module to another. By data, | mean text, com-
puted variables, arrays or strings. The second part of
the series will present the System Variables and the
Safe Area methods of passing data.
A complete list of all of the System Variables,
their names and addresses, the number of bytes, if they
are saved with the program, and if they cannot be poked
without crashing the system, is in the Appendix of the
User Manual, The System Variables method of passing data
from one program module to another is very limited. Only
the two bytes of the System Variable RAMTOP can be used
for this purpose, as all of the other System Variables
that can be poked without crashing the system, are reset
by loading the next module, For example--type the
following lines into the computer:
10 SAVE *POKE™
20 LET A=255
30 FOR N=16477 TO 16506
40 POKE NA
50 NEXT N
60 POKE 16388, A
70 POKE 16389,A
80 POKE 16393,A
90 POKE 16417,4
100 POKE 14430,4
110 POKE 16431,4
120 POKE 16434,4
130 POKE 16435,
140 POKE 16436,4
150 POKE 14439,8
160 POKE 16507,4
170 POKE 16508,4
180 LOAD "PEEK"
Record the program on tape, using the command GOTO 10.
When the diagonal load lines appear on the screen, after
the program is saved, stop the tape and use the BREAK
key to return to the programming mode. Do not rewind the
tape. To clear the memory, turn off the computer. Do not
use NEW as this would reset RAMTOP. Power up and type in
the following lines of the second program module:
10 SAVE "PEEK*
20 PRINT *STRLEN 16430: *;PEEK
164303", 16431! "SPEEK 16431
3O PRINT "MEMEOT "3
40 FOR N=16477 TO 16506
SO PRINT Ni“: *SPEEK NS'S"S
60 NEXT N
70 PRINT
BO PRINT *RAMTOP 16308: *;PEEK
16388;", 16389: "PEEK 146389
90 PRINT "VERSN 16393: *;PEEK
16393
100 PRINT "NOT USED 14417 *;PE
EK 16417
110 PRINT "SEED 16434: “iPEEK 1
64345", 16435! "4PEEK 16435
120 PRINT "COORDS 164381 "PEEK
164383", 164392 *YPEEK 16439
130 PRINT "NOT USED 16507: *;PE
EK 1650753", 16509: ";PEEK 146508
Without rewinding the tape, record the second program
module using the command GOTO 10.
To run the chained program, rewind the tape. ENTER
either the command: LOAD "POKE" or LOAD "" (no space be-
tween the quotes), and play the tape. As you can see,
only the 255 poked into the two bytes of the System
Variable RAMTOP, were passed from one program module to
the next. In using the System Variable RAMTOP for this
Purpose, you must remember that if the value in address
16388 plus 256 times the value in address 16389 is less
than 19712, a minimum Display File is set up, This may
not be desirable with 16K or more RAM. If the combined
value is 19712 or more, then an expanded Display File is
set up, using additional memory, which may not be de-
sirable with only 2k RAM. Also if NEW is entered, RAMTOP
will be reset to the address of the combined value,
The System Variables, in which the poked value was
not passed from one chained module to the next, may be
poked and the value saved along with the program, Vike
variables and strings (see “Of Strings And Things” in
the March/April ‘86 issue of TOM). To jllustrate this
procedure:
Turn off the computer to clear the memory. Power up
and rewind the tape. Load the "POKE" module only (by
pressing BREAK when the load lines appear before the
second module loads). Stop the tape. Delete lines 140 to
180 by entering only the line number. Delete lines 10 to
130 by typing in the “PEEK” program, Rewind the tape and
save the program using the command GOTO 10. Turn off the
computer to clear the memory. Power up, rewind the tape,
and load the new unchained "PEEK" program. As you can
see, the value 255 poked into these System Variables was
saved except those in RAMTOP and in addresses 16477 to
16501 of MEM80T. There are certain conditions regarding
the use of the System Variables for this purpose. They
are:
NAME ADDRESS CONDITIONS
VERSN 16393 None
NONE 16417 None
STRLEN 16438 = Value must be recovered
16431 before any LET or INPUT
command in the program,
SEED 16434 Value must be recovered
16435, before any RAND or RND
command in the program.
COORDS 146438 Value must be recovered
16439 before any PLOT or UNPLOT
command in the program.
MEMBOT 16502 Only these listed ad-
to dresses can almost always
16506 be used.
NONE 16507 None
NONE 46308 Cannot be used when the
System Variable RAMTOP
has been poked to less
than 19712 without enter~
ing NEW.
A method for determining the addresses of the Upper
and Lower Limits of the Safe Area of a program was pre-
sented in “Adventures In The RAM Jungle And Other
Mysteries" (Sept/Oct '85 to Jan/Feb ‘86 issues of TDM),
The Safe Area method is much more suitable for passing
large amounts of data, in Chained programs, than either
the VARS or the Systems Variables methods. Two dis-
advantages are that the data can be wiped out by NEW and
by allowing the program to be listed when operating in
Mode 2 or 3 (see “Adventures...", page 9, in Jan/Feb '86
issue of TOM), The amount of data that can be passed,
using the Safe Area method, is limited by the program
module with the lowest Upper limit of the Safe Area and
the module with the highest Lower Limit of the Safe Area
(see Figure No.1). The number of modules is limited only
by the length of the tape and number of tapes available.
Thus, when large amounts of data are to be passed, each
module should be as short as possible and accomplish
only one task. Combined with "Top Down" programming in
each module, this is a form of “Structured Programming".
Using the Safe Area method, 280 decimal code can be
poked by the program directly into the Safe Area add-
resses. Each address can accept only positive values
from 0 to 255. Variables with negative values or over
255 can be converted to a string, as in the VARS method,
and each character converted to its code before poking,
For example--type the following lines into the computer:
Before we get to our first MC instructions, lets
take another look inside our CPU. Inside we will find
registers that are called A,F,B8,C,0,€,4,L,1,R,1%,1¥,SP,
PC,A',F',B',C',D',£',H' and L'. These are not the alpha~
bet soup, that the CPU had for lunch, Registers are
merely storage places within the CPU as opposed to ex-
ternal memory (ROM and RAM). Think of these registers as
storage boxes with names instead of addresses...much the
same as you would BASIC variables.
Some of the single registers can be married to form
register pairs, You are hereby ordained, by the power
invested in me by the Great God 780, as Justice of the
CPU, to form these unfons as required. The permissable
combinations are AF,BC,0E,HL,AF',BC',DE' and HL' (and
you thought I didn't know the alphabet!),
PROGRAM CHAINING (SAFE AREA METHOD)
RAMT
FIGURE NO.
by
18
oF
PROGRAM
SAFE
AREA
1
SAVE “POKE*
LET ae 12545678912345
LET AS=STRE A
LET Bet
FOR N=18000 TO 18013
POKE Ny CODE 4$<B)
LET B=B+t
NEXT N
LOAD "PEEK"
Record the first module on tape using the
10. This time you can use NEW to clean the
typing in the second module, as follows:
SAVE "PEEK"
DEM As(t4)
LET Bet
FOR N=18000 TO 18013
LET AS(B)=CHRS PEEK N
LET BeBe
NEXT N
| LET ARVAL AS
PRINT A
command GOTO
memory before
Record the second module on the tape with the command
GOTO 10, Rewind the tape and load and run the chained
program, using the command LOAD "PEEK" or LOAD "". The
display should read: -1.2345679E+13.
Beginning Z80 Machine Code
Part Three
Syd Wyncoop
Single registers are similar to bytes, in that they
can contain any value 0-255. Register pairs can contain
any value 0-65535, which makes them very valuable as
address pointers. Refer to the discussion on addresses
in lesson one for more on this (contact TOM if you need
back copies}, Ke will use these similarities to pass
parameters (information) to and from our MC routines.
On the subject of addresses and register pairs, you
need to remember which is high and low. In memory (ad-
dresses), the first byte is low, however, with register
pairs, the first register is high. This is easily re-
membered by knowing that the HL register pair was named
with this in mind. H means “high” and L means "low". An
assembler will handle this for you, but we will have to
watch it while we are hand assembling our code. Many
crashes will occur because you forgot (or confused} the
order of the high and low bytes or registers.
Some of these registers have special names and/or
Jobs, Chart 2 lists some of these names/ jobs. However,
we will not discuss them further until we get to the in-
structions using them,
Now for our first set of instructions (and you were
wondering if I even knew any), Its mnemonic is “Ld",
which is short for Load. Ld has no relation to the Basic
LOAD command. Ld is an assignment instruction and acts
very much like the Basic LET command.
The proper “syntax” is: Ld A,15. Which is read as
“Load the A register with the value 15°. Ld acts very
much like the Basic LET x=15.
Take another look at the sample disassembly that I
left you with last lesson. Look at the comments and see
Tf you can follow what is happening. [It jis a program
that will return the sum of OAh and 10h to Basic with
the command: PRINT USR address. For practice, you can
enter that program, Try poking the 2nd and 4th bytes
with different values and run it again to see if you get
the results you expect. If the sum is greater than 255,
you will discover a bug I left (intentionally) for later
correction.
Note that we loaded the result into the BC register
pair before returning to Basic, This is due to the Basic
Operating System's handling of the USR function, It will
always return the value held in the BC register pair.
The value returned will not be the result unless you
properly load BC before returning.
Ld may not seem to be of much value. However, in
its many forms, Ld is the ‘most used" instruction. We
can Ld most registers, register pairs or addresses with
either a constant, the contents of another register
(pair), or the contents of an address. Chart 3 details
some of the many forms Ld can have as well as the proper
"syntax",
You will notice some instructions have parenthesis.
The Parenthesis signify “the contents of". For example:
read the instruction Ld A,(4000h) as Load the A register
with the contents of the address 4000h. The Basic
commands PEEK and POKE can be compared to these instruc-
tions, If the parenthesis appear on the left of the
comma, you have a POKE operation, and if they appear on
the right of the comma, you have a PEEX operation. The
Basic equivalent of Ld A, (4000h) is LET x = PEEK 16384,
{4000h=16384). Using this knowledge, the instruction Ld
(4000h),A is equivalent to POKE 16384,x.
You wil? also notice a symmetry to the fnstruc-
tions. You can Ld r, (HL) and you can Ld (HL), rr, This
symmetry will prove to be very useful and holds true
throughout most of the instruction set.
Note that some instructions seem to favor the
register A or the register pair HL. This is due to their
special functions (chart 2). There are simply some in-
structions that can only be performed with A or HL, and
no other register (pair). We will see that Ld fs not the
only instruction to exhibit this favoritism. This is not
as restrictive as it first sounds, although you will on
occasion wish for an instruction that does not exist.
There is no need to detail the operation of each
instruction as you should be able to determine appoxi-
mately what can be expected from them, if you study
charts 2 and 3 in conjunction with this lesson. We will
Chart 2
Register! Name ! Job
& Accumulator ! accumulate the results of eight bit
t arithnetic
' directly access the contents of any
: memory addee:
F ! Flags ious flags for CPU which
' indicate the results of arithme
: }S logical instructions
& ! nt bit counter
et sixteen bit counter
DE =! Destination ! used for black moves
HL Ot High/Low Sixteen bit arithmetic
t directly access memory addresses
' f andirect address pointer
Chart 3
Reaisters Register Fairs
Ldeyr Ld ery
Ld ron Ld IxX.nn
La T¥,an
Ld A, tpg?
La (par,a Ld (aq) ,Be
Ld (pq) ,DE
Ld or, cHo? La (pq yHe
Ld A, (BC? Ld (pq), Ix
Ld A, «Der La (pqyry
Ld (HU,
td (BO) ,A
Ld (DE) ,4
Lo ry (ix+a? Ld IX, (pq)
Ld ry (ved) La Ty, (pq?
Ld ¢Ixedd yr
Ld (1¥+d) yr
Ld (HL ,n
Ld (1X+d) yn
Ld (1¥ed) yn
Wheres ro sany single register
rr=any register pair
fn sany numeric-constant 0-235
ansany numeric constant 0-65535
d zany displacement 0-255
pqrany address 0-65535
discuss them further as we use them. It will be much
easier for me to explain, and easier for you to under-
Stand their operation.
I am not listing the hex codes for all the 280 in-
structions that we will use, as this is not intended to
be an exhaustive study, but is meant to give you a
Start. The first rung of the ladder. If you have not yet
abtained a good book on the subject, you can find the
codes in the appendix of your Sinclair manual.
I cannot hope to give you all you will need in an
article such as this. I must advise you to get a good
book as a study guide and to fill in where I leave off.
Rather than suggest a book that you may not like as well
as Ido, I would advise you to look at several. If
possible, get several opinions,,.but get a book.
That's it for now, Next issue we will discover the
math instructions. The special significance of A and HL
wil] be very obvious after that.
September/October '86: TDM's ace programmer, Michael
Carver, will entertain us with another
listing...THE LIGHT SHOW. Tim Stoddard will show you
full length
how to upgrade your TS1016 RAM Pack to use the newer
5y-only 6
MAGAZINE
K dynamic RAMs. A Sinclair product *round-
up". More from Wes Brzozowsk!, and
some surprisest
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INTRODUCTION
When Timex released its Technical Manual for the
TS2068, we learned now to add memory to and switch be-
tween its three internal memory banks, This was won-
derful stuff, and it's given us many excellent 152068
products long after the “profane world” thought that the
Timex computer was dead, Still, if we think back, we may
remember that Timex originally promised 256 banks. In
addition to the Home, Dock, and EXROM banks {which we
we'll cal] the “standard banks"), there would also have
been the provision for special enhancements that we'll
refer lo as “expansion banks". In this series, we wil?
lock at how those extra banks would have worked. Because
the subject is very complex, we can’t take up too much
space with descriptions of the standard banks. That in-
formation ts available elsewhere, and even without in-
cluding it here, I fear that the volume of our dis-
cussions will try the patience of our dear editor. We
hope you'll understand our plight.
The 7$2068 Technical Manual is one very good source
of information on the standard banks, and it might be a
good idea to browse what it has to say on the subject.
Look at pages 37-39, and 115-120, in particular.
page numbers quoted in this article correspond
original Technical Manual offered by Timex (blue cover).
This same information can be found in the nex second~
edition manual published by Time Designs, only the in-
formation is generally a few pages earl than those
quoted.) Througnout the manual, it almost appears that
the good folks at Timex tried to delete all references
to the “lost expansion banks. If so, they weren't
entirely successful. Some pages containing copies of
their internal documentation give us important clues.
Both ROMs also contain code that was once intended to
control these banks. Dissecting them gives a fairly
clear picture af the full bank switching
with a little “digital detective" work, we'll see
that the Timex engineers planned a LOT more for bank
switching than just extra memory. Ke'll also be abie to
see some of the serious problems (and clever/bizzere
solutions) that graced their workbenches, Lastly, we'll
signs that they were forced to put the 152068 into
production long before it was ready.
As aresult of this, our TS2063s ccntain
blocks of code that absolutely have not been debugged
This may well be the reason that its ROMs (and ONLY its
ROMS) are socketed. Before the additional bank switching
could realiy have worked as intended, those ROMS wou)d
see
large
e had to be replaced, This shouldn't be overly dis-
couraging, On page 20 of the lechnical Manual, we are
presented with a “surgical procedure’ that would allow
us to replace the ROMS with EPROMS. It was quite con-
tiebit. Perhaps they
ore would want to debug the dormant power
siderate of them to include this
thought sone
lying instd
In this sertes,
we'll use flowcharts, tables, and
descriptions, to “walk through" the extended bank-
switching code. Once we stop trying to figure out what
it does, and instead try to understand what it SHOULD
do, it's really not too hard to follow. From this, we'll
also understand how the hardware of the expansion banks
and Timex's unreleased Bus Expansion Unit (BEU) would
have worked.
Please understand that this is a report on my own
study and analysis of the Timex ROM code, and forms a
self-consistent explanation of how the dank switching
hardware and that cade would have worked together. It is
NOT a construction project. Still, it should be possible
to design an expansion bank system with the information
we'll be studying here. If some enterprising readers
wisn to correct the ROM bugs and build the necessary
circuitry, I'l] assist in any way I can. I give no
guarantee that I've found al] the bugs, but by the end,
you should also have a good enough understanding of the
subject to find further bugs on your own. All in all,
this could be an interesting “team project".
GETTING STARTED
As you may have guessed, it will be absolutely
essential that you have a TSZ068 Technical Manual handy
a5 we go through this series. Coincidentally, this very
magazine can sel} you a copy for just twenty-five bucks.
If you've reac this far, you're probably the type who'd
find it useful anyway, so send ‘em the money. You won't
just he helping them, you'll be helping yourself.
[Editor's Note: Thanks for the
please tell the good folks that
this!)
You'll also need some sort of disassembler. We just
can't provide complete listings af the ROM code here,
but we'tl give TCXS of memory addresses, so you can took
for yourself. Ray Xingstey's excellent HOT-Z-AROS will
Jet you look directly into the EXROM memory, which would
be helpful. But if you have another version of HOT-Z, or
another disassemller altogether, never fear, We need
only copy the FXR0M code onto a cassette, LOAD it back
jnto some convenient RAM location, and then disassemble
it. If we are clever about where we LOAD it, the differ-
ence in memory addresses will be no problem at all.
Most schemes for putting the EXROM on cassette in-
valve a lot of convoluted bank switching and code moving
great plug Kes...but
1 didn't put you up to
in machine code. But we're going to be a little lazy,
and do it the easy way, Perhaps the best kept EXROM
secret is that you can do the entire job in a single
Tine of BASIC! Just type
SAVE "EXROM" CODE 0,8192
21
and you've got it! There's nothing magical about this.
It just turns out that the SAVE routine is in the EXROM,
and so the EXROM is already switched in whenever SAVEing
is in progress. As such any attempt to SAVE from lo-
cations 0 to 8191 absolutely has to SAVE the EXROM code.
To disassemble this, you'll want to LOAD it back
into RAM. If the memory addresses will be displayed in
hexadecimal, then first CLEAR 32767 and then LOAD
“EXROM" CODE 32768. This is location 8000 hex, so you
need only subtract 8 from the most significant digit to
get the true EXR0M address. If you pian to disassemble
in decimal, then LOAD "EXROM" CODE 4000 and just drop
the 4 from the most significant digit. Note (for this
second case) that if your disassembler is located below
location 48192 in memory, it will overlap the code. You
May want to work out some similar tricks of your own to
please your particular software,
Flowchart #1 is the top level intialization routine
in the EXROM, This part of the intialization was to have
done ali the "set up work" to find, sort out, and in-
itialize any extra banks (RAM or ROM) that may have been
added. We'll be discussing this flowchart in detail] next
time, but it’s included here for three reasons. First,
it will let the truly enthusiastic do a little extra
work on their own. Second, it will help prevent later
installments from getting too bogged down in flowcharts,
Third and most important, it will give everyone a bit of
time to practice on and get used to the notation we'll
be using.
Kote that each flowchart box contains the memory
address of the code it represents. But the very idea of
bank switching means that more than one bank of memory
will be sharing the same addresses, which just begs to
cause confusion. In this series, all addresses will be
given in hexadecimal, but EXROM addresses will be pro-
ceeded by the letter X. As such, we can say that the NEW
routine, which starts to intitialize the system vari-
ables is located at 0D1D (or OD1D in the Home ROM) but
that the routine that finishes intializing the system
variables is at X096C (or 096C in the EXROM), This will
save a Tot of verbage, and is handy, once you get used
to it.
In addition to this memory address notation, we'll
also examine special shorthand ways to talk about things
we'll call Bank Switching Registers and SYSCON Table
Entries (we'll get around to defining these eventually).
These notations have been carefully selected so as to be
completely un-ambiguous, but they may require some
getting used to. Also, although some users have a strong
dislike for hexadecimal numbers, we hope you'll under-
stand that they're needed here. We use numbers in a
computer both for quantities and to denote various
binary bit patterns. Decimal is fine for showing a
quantity, But it’s pretty darn hard, for example, to
tell if bit 4 is set or reset in decimal 239. If we see
it as hexadecimal EF, however, the experienced user can
immediately see that bit 4 is zero, Since the bank
switching makes considerable use of bit patterns to
control different hunks of hardware, hexadecimal is the
only way to go.
A Bank Switching Summary
The 2-80 Microprocessor, around which our 1S$2068s
are based, can only address 65536 (Horrors! A DECIMAL
number!) bytes of memory. This is fixed in its hardware,
and it's simply not negotiable. If we want it to control
more memory than this, then some of the memory will have
to share that “address space" ina game that's a bit
like a telephone party line system. While the proposed
256 memory banks would theoretically allow control of
some 16 MILLION bytes, only 65536 of them could ever be
immediately available. The rest would be disconnected in
a way, and waiting patiently for the Z-80 to “call them
up”, switch them in, and talk to them.
The TS2068 memory is broken up into 8 “chunks” of
8K apiece. They are laid out as follows
22
Address Chunk #
0000-1 FFF
2000~3FFF
oO
4000-SFFF 2
6000-7FFF 3
8000-9F FF 4
AO00-BFFF 5
COO0=DFFF 6
EO00-FFFF 7
These 8 chunks might be analogous to & “party
line" inside the 2068, each with up to 256 subscribers.
Any one of the banks (subscribers) could be using a
particular line, but only 8 lines are available at a
given time. Each memory bank has to have its own iden-
tifier (phone number) and it also has to have a way to
know which, if any, of its chunks are presently able to
FLOUCHART 1; Top Level Initislivation Fox Bush Suctching
Ff SYSCOM table bo SETA!
Id the S¥SCOM table
heck SYSCOW tpble for ax LRO,
the Final Syston
Hi2 ation
ind the LROS shanting
ldvems and june de 1d wever
te wetursn
horde ita Machine Code AROS 7 |
ROME: Find tm euro mavnge Since me other
types of ARG ave possible. The encoun
havle Forsse x retary to fhe hone bavd
fke326.X0934: Gad he mand
Be Aaaline Gal Verities, see open ee
cicaStang Space Wensiny Ube Spatect Vaes alles
persevere de oh Selon Vat setae
t
945~ Chak the Bes te
AROS seeifies rm AUTOSTART
XOF4BLOISS: De a JUAP to Eee AROS «lant
Dddress, enabling the speeiFied Memory Chonks|
Coontinse in the AROS)
(ROWCATL ISAC Te do Pinel Syke Variable Tntalization|
XPWAKOUZ: Znitiall, we set the startyy ponte te
lessees Gear F the main exeen
te the Heme ROA
XOUSKOWT: Point $a SYSCON BE For Feat bank
KesAa-KOuB: Garbage
loop
PR Palk tn the Sead Ss
| the Syscgu fable 7
ROBT IOPEC font Jo galey IAGO mee Ping
{
ROTA MOIS Pat eo The coud bane *
ere reas Ae ”
eres HATH nt
Priveity: Com pare
doy de Bet ie how
Ugeest pute ty towns
Cees Ri See
The wddvess of entry 10 becows
bent we addrens- MOTE THAT
APUG!L Contents of entry 1 should
be the boot we address. The expantien
Banks wom BEd Ae properly becuse
sf thes ee
SOWT NETEC BAT Kighend tree
e addressed by the 2-80. This is done in what's called
e 3 Thi ster contains §
ank, The con
carresponding ct
tells a
unk 0, bit 1 abou ' soon, if you've ad
2 f this, you nder at would happen if
anks both nave the chunk enabled at the same tine
Tne result would be conflict, and you'd have trouble
But if you go about it properly, you can see to it that
this never happens.
» in order t the TS2068's cost in Vine
wit Ipetitian Timex engine put a let of
to circuitry inside a semicustom integrated circuit
c SC s array type circuit,
di re € available
t ne experinente f array is programed
a » and 3 to be far mare versa-
ti tains far more gates than the kind we might
emore familiar with. The gates used simply a
3 into randomly flip flops
lowing reasonably functions. A
vantage is that there of
and signal pins to work w ner
may nave to make some get
né agai haunt the
ank switching scheme
One such example may be found in the single Hari
ntal Select Register used to contre! the three sta
dard banks, This regi is accessed through I/D port
n
ju
Modem
Timex Research and Development Photo shows the ver
leased Bus Expansion Unit (BEU) "piggy-backed"
the TS2068. The TS2020 Tape Recorder, TS2050
Sinclair Microdrives are sitting on top.
anc
F4. Although it would have seemed more
give each standard bank its own register,
with the expansion banks, this would have ¢
many gates. Thus, thro id and wha
whimsey”, the Timex engineers
witn only one; it works like
If @ particular bit of t
corresponding chunk of the
bit contains @ ane, then tt
tther the Dock or the EXROM bank fs enabled.
t is depends on vit 7 of I/O port FF, which,
just happened to be left over, with noth
ther
If this bit contains a :
3 otherw Dock bank applies. As
trealiy take teo much space to ¢ As
s description given here is sust tncl
ess. A more complete description f
standard banks may be four {
in t S20es
eaving the “nuts and banks
behind, we should still examin conse-
quences. The one of most immed importance is that
this scheme prevents your havin inks from bath the
Dock and £XROM banks en same time. Grdir
arily, this wouldn't have b portant, The EXROM hank
was anly intent to “catch the erflow # the le
that couldn't have fit in the Home ROM. The Be nank
was intende y for cartridge based software. any
other banks were needed, well, there was space for 25
more, right? Unfortunately, those banks never beca
available, and ingenious TS2068 users have fad to use
these three as best as possible
Qut this minor perversion has its problems; it's
riant that you exercise care in trying to access t
while running in the Dock bank, But there are even
more subtle ways that thts little can trip 1
ug. In articles I've written on running RAM in the Bock
bank, I've ¥S
LOAD anyt ir
procedure i
then tran it yourself. 1
exglain ly why this
throug g explanation, todd! Tt
fact is D routine is in and so whi?
your re ADIing, ane of the en, e
n't have EXROM en
tempt t
use
bank,
1
int
data
23
re-
behind
had. Furthermore, you can't put RAM into the EXROM bank
without messing with your TS$2068’s innards. The 8K RON
in that bank is mapped into al1 8 chunks of that bank,
due to incomplete address decoding. You just can't win.
The odd use of one Horizontal Select Register to
contro] three banks has another consequence. The Home
bank always “assumes it's enabled, uniess told that the
Dock or EXROM have a particular chunk. This ordinarily
Teaves no way for the other 253 banks to be enabled
without conflicting with the Home Bank. This is dealt
with in a "cheap and dirty" manner with a signal on the
TS2068 rear connector, called BE, When this signal is
Tow however, all internal memory is disabled, no matter
what the Horizontal Select Register for the standard
banks says. This would allow the additional expansion
banks to “muscle their way in" when it's their turn to
"talk",
The 782068 appears designed to contain almost no
circuitry that would support the expansion bank switch-
ing, That would be contained almost entirely in the
never-released (and possibly never built} BEU, and the
expansion banks themselves. An early map of TS2068 1/0
port assignments shows ports FC and FD reserved for bank
switching. For good reasons, to be discussed later, this
ig not the way it's turned out. These ports are never
used in either ROMs, and Communication with the bank
switching circuitry is instead done through a memory
mapped reaister scheme,
Four Bank Switching Registers are used, We will
call them registers CO, AO, BO, and 40. These are the
ways that the bank switching software refers to them, so
it will make it easier to follow. Also, it's useful to
retain the second digit even though it's always zero,
This will prevent registers AO and CO from being con-
fused with the A and C hardware registers inside the
Z-80 itself. When we write a value to these registers,
we are sending bank switching information to the (pre-
sently non-existent) BEU and expansion banks. However,
when we read the registers we get back different in-
formation relating to the status of various banks. WE DO
NOT GET BACK THE SAME INFORMATION WE SENT. Furthermore,
although we send out B-bit groups of information, we
read back only 4-bit groups, That is, only the low
nybble of the byte contains useful information. A sum-
mary of the Bank Switching Registers follows, and we'll
explain them in detail] next time:
Register Purpose
Outputs:
40 Morizontal Select. Receives the horizontal select byte
Ao
co
(hi-active? for the “presently accessed bank"
Bank Number Access. Sets the "presentiy acc
In Setup Mode: Receives the assigned bank number for
the bank presently selected by the daisy chain
In Normal Mode: Receives the universal di
ect byte.
Chunks are hi-active
Command Register. Four commands have been found:
00-Reset daisy chain & enter the setup mode
01-Step the daisy chain to the next bank
O2-Reset the nybble steering logic
O4-End the setup mode & enter the normal mode
24
-Note that no more than one bit is e
ff set simultaneously
~The hardware of this “register” must be able to accept the
02 command, wether it’s sent as one or two nybbles, and
it must be able to properly interperet the command, even
if the nybble synchronization is faulty.
Inputs:
40 Least significant nybble-Horizontal select for
“presently accessed bank”
80 Most significant nybble —- for register 40
AO Least significant nybble-bank status for “presently
accessed bank"
CO Most significant nybble -~ for register AO
These Bank Switching Registers are intended to con~
trol all banks EXCEPT the three “standard” banks. Each
bank has a number to identify it. For the expansion
banks, these are defined through the intialization soft-
ware. If seven expansion banks wre present, for example,
the banks would be numbered 01 through 07, Additional
numbers are allocated as needed. The three standard
banks, on the other hand, have fixed numbers:
Numbers For Standard Banks
FE ~ EXROM Bank
FF = Home Bank
00 ~ Dock Bank
Now suppose we wanted to read from or write to
of the Bank Switching Registers. The software for it
already in place when you turn on your computer. Appen-
dix A of the 752068 Technical Manual has the assembly
code listings for the RAM resident code, which includes
the routines WRITE_BS REG (write to Bank Switching
Register). After a short description, we'll ook them
over, and see how they work.
The WRITE BS REG routine at location 635C will
write the value in the E register to the Bank Switching
Register whose number is in the D register. To do this
we first make a memory address out of the value of the
Bank Switching Register, The register value becomes the
two most significant hex digits, and the other two
digits are zeros. For example, register AQ becomes
memory address A000,
Eventually, we'll be writing our data to this
memory address, and the BEU or a bank will pick it up
and put it in the proper register. But how will the bank
“know” that we're talking to it, and not just trying to
use that memory location for some more mundane purpose?
Another signal has to be sent out, to indicate wether
the memory write operation is intended for memory or for
the bank switching. This normally unused signal is on
the rear connector, and is called I0AS, This signal
comes from the sound chip, of all places, and is one bit
of an I/O port it contains,
With IOAS low, the data written to certain memory
locations (A000, in this example) will also get written
one
is
to a bank switching register (the AO register, in this
case). For reasons to be explained later, we only write
four bits ata time. That is, only the four least
significant bits are accepted by the register. The first
memory-write sends the low nybble, and the second write
sends the high nybble. Since it's possible for a glitch
to cause the hardware to “lose sync” and try to accept
the high order nybble first, a "reset" to steer the
hybbles properly must also be sent out. After this
occurs, the hardware is set to accept the low order
nybble next,
Some readers may be amazed that a mere 81 bytes can
make such a complicated subroutine! This does sometimes
happen when @ function is divided partway between hard-
ware and software, and here's a prime example. The fact
that sanity was sacrificed for a low cost design doesn't
help, either, For now, it would be helpful to review the
section in the TS2068 Technical Manual on the registers
‘in the sound chip (pages 21 and 22). Then we'll go on
and look at the actual subroutine.
Ready? OK, here we go! Turn to Appendix A of the
Tech Manual, and look at location 635C. Here's a blow-
by-blow description of what's happening:
635C-635E - Saves the registers (so far so good).
6360-6367 - Saves the contents of the memory loca-
tions we're going to wipe out in a
moment. Location C000 always takes a hit.
Also wiped Is the memory location that
corresponds to the registe we're golng to
write to. (For register AO, thIs Is
location ACOO.)
6368-6375 - Saves the contents of the sound chip
registers we're about to wipe out.
6376-6370 ~ Sets the sound chip 1/0 port to OUTPUT
mode.
637E-6384 ~ Sends 00 to the sound chip output port.
This will clear I0A5, on the rear edge
connector.
6385-6389 ~ Now that IOA5 Is low, thls causes the low
nybble of 02 to be sent to Bank Switching
Register CO. This resets the nybble
steering logic, so that the next nybble
written out will be accepted as the low
order nybble. Note that the CO register
Ts only recelving a single nybble, In
this case.
638A-6388 - Finally! We're sending the low order
nybble to the Bank Switching Reglster we
want to talk to.
638C-6393 - Shifts the high order nybble Into the
four least significant bIts, so It can be
sent out.
6394 - Sends out the second nybble.
6395-63A2 ~ Puts the sound chIp registers back the
way they were. As such, I0A5 goes high
again.
63A3-63A8 - Restores the memory locattons we ¥rote
over. SInce 10A5 Is now high, thts does
NOT write new values to the BEU.
63A9-63AB - Restore the registers we changed
63AC ~ eeeand RETurn to the CALLing routine with
everything exactly as It was, except that
a Bank Switching Register has changed!
If you've gotten this far, congratulations, But you
may want to get yourself a cup of tea, coffee, or what-
ever more potent nerve settling beverage you'd like.
We're about to do the same thing with the READ BS REG
routine!
While we write to the Bank Switching Registers one
nybble at a time, there still 8 bits wide. When we read
them, however, they're only four bits wide. (As we said
before, we don't read back the same information we've
written.) Because of this, we have to read two registers
to get enough information to fill a single byte.
The READ BS REG routine at location 63AD reads a
nybble from the Bank Switching Register whose number is
in D, and another from the register whose number is in
E. It then packs them both into the E register. Here's
how:
63AD~63AF - Save registers.
63B0-63B2 - The programmer was probably copying code
directly trom the WRITE BS REG routine.
This portion Is useless Tere.
63B3~63B6 - Save the contents of C000, before we use
them.
6387-6388 - More useless code.
6389-63C7 - Save contents of two sound chip registers
about to be wiped.
63C8~63CF - Set sound chip 1/0 port to OUTPUT mode.
6300-6306 ~ Send 00 to I/0 port so 10A5 goes low.
6307-630B - Reset nybble steering logic.
630C~63DF ~ Register (D) is read, and the useful Tn-
formation from It Is put Into the ieast
significant nybble of C.
63E0-63E9 - Register (E) is read, and the useful [n=
formation from it Is put Into the most
significant nybble of A.
63EA-63EB ~ Both nybbles are packed Into E.
63EC-63FA ~ Restore original sound chip registers.
63FB-63FC ~ More useless code.
63F0-6400 - Replace the contents of Jocation C000.
6401-6403 - Replace registers.
6404 - RETurn (at fastitt).
Note that the code we refer to as "useless" is not
at all benign. The three parts hold each other in check,
counteracting each other, and making it appear that all
three parts don't exist, But if we remove some but not
all of them, the remaining part(s) will cause all sorts
of mischief. So if you wish to modify this routine, be-
ware!
These two routines form the lowest level interface
between the rest of the bank switching software and the
actual hardware. From here on, we'll just set the Z-80
registers up to read or write to a particular Bank
Switching Register, and CALL the appropriate routine.
We needn‘t worry about how it's done. That is, unless
it's desired to experiment with bank switching hardware;
then the knowledge is absolutely fundamental.
Some readers may look at these two incredibly con-
voluted subroutines, look back at the earlier statement
that the bank switching software isn't too hard to
follow, and then wonder wether my brain hasn't dropped a
bit or two, somewhere, Please be assured that the rest
of the bank switching code is much more civilized, how-
ever comical it may become, If you've come this far, I
beg you to read on.
This discussion will generate a Tot of questions.
Probably the first and foremost arises from the very
idea of reading and writing nybbles to memory mapped
1/0, and that question is simply, "Why?" Once again, the
use of SCLO gate arrays for a cheap design comes in and
messes up the bank switching scheme.
Our good friends at Timex could have made things
much simpler for us, They could have used 1/0 ports FC
and FD to contro? the Bank Switching Registers in a
manner similar to the two-port scheme used on the sound
chip. This would have reduced the two subroutines we've
discussed to a few simple instructions, and we could
have sent 8 bit information back and forth, as well. The
circuitry would be simpler, and easier to follow. All
we'd have to do was run a few more signals to it.
That last sentence is the killer that sends chills
through the hearts of every chip designer. Though we
rarely think of it, each chip has only a limited number
of pins. The more complex the chip is, the harder it is
to get all the signals you need in and out of the pack~
age!
25
Each expansfon bank would likely have contained its
own SCLD, to hold the registers for that bank, and do
its bank switching chores. It's limited pinout js the
probable cause of the problem. By writing one nybble at
a time, only four of the & Data lines (D0-D3) would have
to be run into the chip. By using memory mapped 1/0, the
signal would not be needed by the SCLD.
We've already eliminated 5 pins, and that makes any
chip designer smile. & possible 6th pin would also have
been saved if the designers intended to make the mask-
able interrupt (a subject we won't cover here) available
for general use. in some cases, the line would then
be needed to distinguish the difference between an
interrupt service and a true 1/0 request.
Now, 5 or 6 pins is a lot, even if we've got 40 to
work with, Actually, @ preliminary circuit design sug-
gests that a RAM bank SCLD would need only 28 pins, and
@ ROM bank only 20 pins. These are all standard pin
groupings, and the lower the number you can get away
with, the cheaper your design. And in the cutthroat
atmosphere of the computer business, EVERY penny counts.
Sadly, since we can't put lots of functions on a
single chip, this offbeat switching scheme simply gets
in our way, Note that the READ BS REG and WRITE_BS REG
routines do essentially all communication with the Bank
Switching Registers. (One renegade routine tries--and
misses--communicating with the registers; this can be
ignored.) As such, it might be worthwhile to consider
rewriting those two routines to use 1/0 ports FC and FD,
instead. Perhaps we could write the register number to
port FC, and read or write our data from port FD. This
would do a lot to simplify the Bank Switching hardware.
Should anyone want to experiment a bit with build-
ing Bank Switching Registers as Timex envisioned them,
note that only address lines Al3-A15 need to be tested
to see if a register jis being accessed. This will
simplify your circuitry. Note that only some of the Bank
Switching Registers are really true registers. Others
will serve to reset only selected bits of a different
register, and others switch hardware modes without being
“stored” in any register at all, (Register CO, bit 1
simply clocks a shift register, for example.) We'll
explain jt all next time, but this is mentioned so that
ho one gets too serious about designing a bank switching
system until we go over a few more things.
Unfortunately, this article's volume has already
expanded beyond al] pretentions of sanity, and we have
not even covered all of the basics yet. I must apologize
for the somewhat sketchy treatment of some topics. I've
been hounded for some 18 months to get this information
into print, and I've tried to include as much sheer in-
formation as I could, te appease some of those who are
T/S
MODEM-ing
As editor of the Portland Area Timex/Sinclair Users
Group (P.A.T.5.) newsletter, I wanted to upload the
newsletter to members who own a modem, MTERM II, and
Tasword. (NOTE: Uploading means sending data from one
computer to another. Downloading is receiving data from
another computer.) But I did not want to man the phone
lines, waiting for incoming calls. The solution? Modify
MTERM II to accept a remote command, from the caller, to
dump the newsletter (which is stored as a Tasword text-
file in the buffer). But how? Overwrite portions of
MTERM II handling the remote Buffer, Start and Stop
commands. (I intentionally overwrote the Buffer Open and
Close routines, to avoid accidental corruption of the
Buffer.) With the modifications installed, I was able to
boot-up MTERM II, plug my modem into the phone line and
Embellishing MTERM II
by Michael E. Carver
already familiar with the code in the EXROM.
For the rest of you, I'l] be filling in the blanks
next time, particularly on the Bank Switching Registers.
We'll also look at the RAM resident code, the SYSCON
table, and the daisy-chaining of the expansion banks.
Doing all this, we'll finally start looking at how the
TS2068 handles it all with a guided tour of Flowchart 1,
which is included here.
HOMEWORK
For those readers who don't want to wait two months
to learn more, I've left lots for you to do on your own.
Read the short explanation on the System Configuration
(SYSCON) Table on page 8! of the Technical Manual. Put
the EXROM on cassette, and compare the disassembly to
Flowchart 1, Use this to begin your own annotated dis-
assembly of the bank switching code, My SYSCON notation
(to be explained next time) needs a quickie explanation
to do this. The phrase “SYSCON 00" refers to the first
entry of a 24-byte block associated with an EXPAKSION
bank. We'll pretty much ignore the AROS and LROS parts.
Try to wade through the listings of the RAM resident
code in Appendix A of the Technical Manual, Read the
comments, and try to understand what the various rou-
tines do. In short, there’s plenty to keep you busy for
two months.
I'd like this series to be an interactive one, If
you're particularly interested in certain things, or
need more detail, Tet me know. Future columns could very
easily cover them. If you disagree with anything I've
said, or think I've missed something important, PLEASE
let me know. Also, feel free to write or call with
questions. I'm Wes Brzozowski, 337 Janice St. Endicott,
New York 13760. If you want a reply, please enclose a
stamped, self-addressed envelope. If you're in a hurry,
don't be afraid to call at (607) 785-7007, I'm very
friendly, provided you don't call collect and call
BEFORE 9:30 PM, EASTERN time, Hope to hear from you!
Editor's note: Wes Brzozowsk! [s an electrical en,
by profession, and Is employed by, an
computer glant. Wes Is a member of the SINCUS T/S Group
Ineer
International
in New York, and @ regular columnist for the group's
newsletter.
let the computer do all the work. The following will
allow one to post messages, letters, bulletins, ect, for
remote downloading without the need for an operator
being present.
Key in Listing 1, then load the MTERM II code. When
MTERM has loaded, RUN the BASIC program. The new code
will be installed in its proper location within MTERM TI
and you will receive prompts to SAVE this modified MTERM
(Please note that this modified version will ignore any
Buffer commands from the caller).
Now that the MTERM modifications are complete, we
need to make a few changes in Tasword II. These changes
will embed special MTERM commands before and after the
text, saving them to tape along with the text. To make
downloading easy on the caller, I wanted my computer to
send an Open Buffer command before transmitting the text
and a Close Buffer command after complete transmission,
Load Tasword II, go to the Menu to get into BASIC. Edit
26
lines 1030, 1040 and 1100 to match Listing 2. These
changes will provide a Control R at the start of the
MTERM Buffer, which will automatically open the caller's
Buffer. These modifications will allow the use of Tas~
word for typing and editing a message base for the MTERM
Buffer. After you have edited Tasword with Listing 2,
ENTER as a direct command [CLS GO TO 20]. This will
bring you back to the menu. Make a copy of this new
version by choosing option (T].
We are now ready to test out our new modifications.
Prepare a test text using the modified Tasword. (Note:
Texts which have been created in an unmodified Tasword
can be loaded into the modified version. when the text
is saved from the modified version, all changes will be
made to affect remote downloading.) Save the text to
tape, load MTERM II, then load your text file into the
Buffer (I use Loader 1¥). I Vike to use the following
parameters in MTERM to upload/download text files:
WORD = 68 STOP = 1 PARITY = None
DUPLEX = Half CONVERSION = None
Have a friend cail you with their MTERM Buffer empty and
Closed. Upon a connect, they should send a CTRL Q (CCAPS
SHIFT/7] (QJ). This command will automatically trigger
your computer to open the caller's Buffer and upload
your text file, Sit back and watch the text fly by.
After completion, the program will close the caller's
Buffer. When the caller hangs-up, your computer auto-
matically resets itself and waits for the next caller.
Ail of this was done whithout your having to lift a
finger or press a key.
TIP: I like to set up the macro-keys (starting with
“O" and chaining them together) with an introductory
message, telling the caller to send a Control Q to re-
ceive the text. When the caller makes their connect,
they simply send a Control £ (LCAPS SHIFT/7] [E]) which
automatically sends the macro-key "0" message and any
others chained to it. A closing message can also be en-
Beaver
Writer
first 80 column
word processor
for the T/S 2068
compatible with
AERCO I/F and most
EPSON compatible
printers
Character
Font
Generator
design your own UDG
or character sets
comes with ASCII,
Bold, Future,and
Medieval fonts
joystick required
tered while in MTERM. By opening your Buffer and re-
turning to Terminal Mode, any message can be appended to
the Buffer, (Note: Be sure to close Buffer before going
on-line.) As this text will follow the embedded CTRL T,
it will only be sent to the caller's screen and not
their Buffer.
LISTING 4
1000 FOR xeS4zit TO 4251: READ
Yi POKE X,Y: NEXT x
1020 FOR X=54252 TO 54262: POKE
X,O: NEXT x
1020 PRINT “Saving MTERM Ila‘: S
AVE “MTERM Ila"CODE 34016, 9216:
CLS : PRINT “Rewind Tape and Pla
y te Verifyt: VERIFY “HTERM Ira"
CODE 34016, 9216
4030 DATA 32,31,33,0,241,203, 182
192,83, 92,34, 232, 238,34, 234, 238
1040 DATA 42,75, 92,34, 236, 239,25
4,19, 40,5, 33,0) 241, 203,246,175
1030 DATA 201,254,
9,175,204
932,17, 24,24
LISTING 2
1030 LET ImVAL *12*: GO SUB VAL
*B00": POKE (b-VAL ‘15D, VAL ‘16
+: POKE (bead, VAL "ZO": BAVE asc
ODE b-VAL “11*,meVAL "12": CLS
sM/PEEK VAL "62237"1" Lins
4100 CLS i GO SUB VAL "¥0O"! VER
IFY S®CODE D-VAL “117, a*VAL 712"
Advanced
Video Modes
our #1 best seller!
supports normal, dual,
extended colour,
64 column mode and
now with 80columns
loads in 15 seconds
$2500US $3000Canf$15.00US $2000Can $20.00US _$25.00Can
7.
2h Send cheque or money order for $1.50 for our complete catalogue with Demonstration
-, Day Tape plus bonus programs. We pay the postage & handling costs on all orders!
BEER COMPUTER PRODUCTS
$939 MUNROE AVENUE, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA, R2K 1J4
‘The best DAM software around
21
Ultra-Easy Designer Graphics
by Paul Bingham
When I first ordered my 2068 back in, well, what
seems eons ago, one thing I looked forward to most was
the machine's touted User Defined Graphics capabilities.
What a boon to an old ZX8i programmer this would be! On
the face of it, UDGs looked pretty exciting. No matter
that there were only 21 of them, ruling cut easy trial
of new fonts and type faces-~just having any would be
great.
Oh, but the real rain on the parade came when
read through the manual's five page apter on UDGs. It
became apparent that with POKE USER "a" + whatever and
countless BIN sequences needed to set up each and every
savory UDG byte, these little jewels were going to be
bears to work with, Now as is usually the case, things
were not as hopeless as they seemed after a little in-
vestigating. As it turned out, the UDG area is just a
1
section high in memory where there is room for 21 seg-
ments each eight bytes long. And to my surprise, 1 did
not find my ones and zeros I had POKEd, but rather
decimal numbers between 0 and 255. Somewhere along the
line, the 2068 was converting the barrage of zeros and
ones to elegant code. If one could find a way to POKE
the right codes in directly then the POKE USER BIN non-
sense could be circumvented...
So for all who have wanted to exploit the use of
2068 UDGS easily, I have written a colorful little 6K
utility which leaves you al] the fun of designing and
little of the drudgery, As can be seen in Figure A, it
allows the user to design four UDG characters on screen
at once and by the use of on-screen menus to alter, move
or save them, All features are accessed by the top row
of keys and ENTER as shown in Figure B.
ERASE
“A 65966
ABcD 444 8
ABCD AB 65376 145 8
ABCD CD ‘C°65354 146 ¢
ABCD ‘Debase 147 0
Figure A
KEY DESCRIFTIONS
Key
Operation
acts like ENTER
for menu selection
menu curser down
meni cursor up
sketch cursor
sketch cursor
sketch cursor
sketch cursor
darkens pixel
deletes pixel
left
up
down
right
Figure B
28
Figure ©
Creating new symbols and characters is as simple as
moving the cursor. Figure C shows a watch that is actu-
ally two UDG characters side by side. This shows that
one need not be bound by an “eight X eight" block, but
that multiple character designs are possible.
In the 2068 manual the UDG characters are referred
to as "a", "b", "c", ect. to “u". We will also refer to
them as such in some parts of the program. In other
places they are referred to by character codes. By
telling our 2068 to PRINT CHR$ 144 it will print UDG
character "a" because that's its code! CHR$ 164 will get
you UDG character “u", which is the last one. The pro-
gram keeps you reminded of the current letter and code
along with the memory location of each UDG at the bottom
of the screen as can be seen in Figures A and C. You
might read the manual‘s pages 197, 198, and 243 also.
Now about the listing, The program will serve you
without lots of documental aids. So it will suffice to
get you on your way with just a few tips:
In trouble by hitting the wrong key? Just hit break
or if you are in an Input sequence, type in the command
STOP, As long as the designs you have been working on
are in the UDG area, you can re-RUN without losing any
of them, GOTO 100 works just the same and won't harm any
variables.
Be sure to call for "CODES" on the menu for all the
blocks you have designed on the screen BEFORE calling
for "STORE" on the menu. Without the codes, the "STORE"
feature will store blanks (zeros) in the UDG area. STORE
sends the particular codes for the block {or all four
blocks if you chose “all") to the letter destination you
input. Inputting “a" puts it in the first position. But
you can send them anywhere or even to multiple loca~
tions,
Now if you look at line 10 of the isting after
GOSUB 9000 you will find a Tittle FOR/NEXT loop with
READ and DATA. These little two lines sets up a UDG
character which is a pointing finger cursor used in the
program. By using such as a guideline, you can set up
READ and DATA statements with the codes this program
comes up with to do lots of User Defined Graphics char-
acters much more simply in your own programs. A word of
caution: the cursor takes up position “u" (or CHR$ 164),
so don't try to overwrite it.
Good luck in your designing efforts, If you have
any comments or improvenents, feel free to send them to
me. Also, if you are not up to the task of typing in a
Jong listing, then a copy with refinements, bells and
whistles is available on a new cassette tape for $5.
Send to: Paul Bingham, P.O, Box 2034, Mesa, AZ 85204,
2 REM
“ULTRA-EASY DESIGNER GRAPHICS”
Version 1.8 by Pp. bingham
@ GO SUB 9000: FOR t=s95z6_TO
6SS35° READ oO: POKE t,o: NEXT t
ATA @,0,63,.252.252.248. 0/0
O DIM’ a (32): DIM uizear; LET ¢
LET at=7: LET pxs5: LET py=
“Press ENTER to continu
To ies
2 60 TO 400
3: GO To 4a
BO TO 400
3: GO TO 4B
GO SUB m: N
LET £=S+(@4INT (px
FOR h=k TO +7: PRINT AT
NEXT bh: RETURN
LET k=S+(SeInT (px
713}): FOR h=k TO k+7: PRINT AT
PY hi CHRS 145: NEXT bh: RETURN
i
5:
oi
2
aie.
f13i):
PY h;CHRS 123
27 PAPER B
28 INPUT “1) SAVE _UDGs —2)L0AD
UbGs "jt: IF tsi THEN SAVE “Ube
29 LOAD “UDG"CODE 6S366,156: &
0 SUB 9000: RETURN
30 LET s=4: LET x22: LET y=d:
$4 LET s=9: LET _x=a: LET y=12:
LET qs22: GO TO 35
32 LET S=17; LET x=9:
33 LET s=25: LET x=9: LET y=12
LET q=22: 60 TO 35
$4 FOR m=38 TO 35: GO SUB m: N
55 GO SUB 300: RETURN
36 LET s=1
37 LET £55: GO TO 43
60 To 48
39 LET £5) GO TO 48
€T fed: NEXT m: RETURN
42 INPUT "1) COPY “2)prsPLAy
jt: IF THEN COPY: LPRINT
43 05M ($14): INPUT “Uhich in
12347(EX: abet) "2 ts: FOR t21 TO
4°60 SUB 350: LET hai tCobe tit
LET a1=PEEK a,
44 FOR 9-8 TO 4 STEP -1: LET a
a=aiv2: IF INT alial THEN PAPER
“CODE 65966,159: RETURN
LET q=1: Go To 35
LET y=4:
LET 422: GO To 35
ExT m: RETURN
GO TO 46
38 LET s=i
40 FOR m=36 TO 39: GO SUB m: L
LPRINT ; LPRINT © RETURN
3) 97348465358: FOR msh TO h+7:
@: PRINT AT y4i.x145;CHRS 143): L
ET alzINT a2: GO TO’ 46
45. PAPER PRINT AT y1,x1+9;C
HRS 128:
AS NEXT 9. LET visyi¢i: NEXT @
NEXT t: RETURN
48 INPUT “UDG Letter as Storas
: IF CODE vg 65 AND CODE ¥
$:123 THEN GO To 65
49 INPUT “Illegal entry! ENTER
continues “;v$: GO TO 4)
5@ LET q=2
SS_IF u(q}¢>® THEN LET weu(q):
GO TO 48¢
a3g 77 8520 THEN LeT wei: Go TO
68 LET q=a+1: GO TO SS
(Dispiay File 1), Reference Appendix
and Memory of the 2068 User Manual.
display file instead of the standard
picture
POLY-SCROLL demonstrates a screen ut! IIty for a
T/S 2068 Demo used at the T/S Computerfest In
PS uses the alternate display file (Display File 2)
to present pictures or data to the observer while it is
preparing the next screen on the standard display file
C: Display Modes
Using the
display
several advantages: the computer can be writing on
screen (DF-1) with the usual BASIC commands,
Took at DF-2. Your screen will not be affected by what
is going on with OF-1 until you scro?1 the data to DF-2.
You can LOAD SCREENS or other data and not have your
interrupted with the BASIC LOADer messages
65 IF
17 THEN
430
CODE v$296 AND CODE vaca
LET wsCObE vg$-96; 60 TO
7@ IF VAL _v40@ AND VAL vs<z2i T
HEN LET wsVAL v§: GO TO 480
75 GO To. 4s.
288 GO OO
385 BAPER 1° PRINT AT ¢s.26;" “
PAPER 7: PRINT AT cs,2e6:CHRS 2
64 Hie 2 Seeo PAPER 1: PRINT
AT cs
[18° 2P bone inkevs<s2 THEN LET
csscs+i: GO TO l2e
115 60 TO 140
225 IF ce=8 THEN LET cs=10
730 IF ¢s=15 THEN LET ts=16
135 IF cs;2i THEN CET cs=1
137 PAPER 7: PRINT AT cs ,26; CHR
§ 164
140 IF CODE _INKEYS=S2@ THEN LET
cs=cs-i: GO TO 166
4156 GO TO 199
165 IF ¢s=9 THEN LET cs=8
170 IF ¢ssiS5_THEN LET ¢s=14
475 IF cs<a THEN LET cs sal
180 PAPER 7: PRINT AT cs .26; CHR
$164
198 IF CODE INKEY$=49 THEN GO S
UB ¢5+20
200 GO TO 1¢5
380 FOR hex TO x+7
€T bat: LET c=0
DIM aia: L
$18 FOR t=0 TO 2 STEP -1: LET a
CLESINT (CCATTR_ th. g4t)) 781
$20 TE 8 (0) O7 THEN LET cacyh
@ LET b=bee; NEXT t: LET dis
st. LET sera
Sa 3 PAPER S: BRIGHT 1: PRINT AT
he “: PRINT AT h,aic: NEXT
he epicHT 9. RETURN
SSO IF tcsB THEN LET yisa: LET
*25(INT (t#6/12)) 4844: “RETURN
368 LET y1=8: LET xiSCINT (taar
12)) #844: RETURN
490 PAPER FOR h=x TO x47: FO
R tau TO ys
PRINT AT bt: CHAS
128: NEXT 1
NEXT fh: RETURN
450 LET jsINT (s/8): LET i=8S36
O+8ew! LET e=u+id3: PAPER
498 FOR t=i TO i+7: POKE t,d is)
: LET S=s41: NEXT t
SOO LET kisi: LET fze: FOR h=135
$3 TO 21: PRINT AT nh, 12a;CHRS (f-
79) AT hap ki i AT h,2B;F;AT h.ed
jCHR$ f: LET tiskied: Let ror4i:
NEXT bh
S18 PRINT AT 15, ;+2;CHRS (e-79)
PRINT AT hy jet
: FOR h=1s TO 21:
;CHRS_e: NEXT b
SiS IF ji@ THEN PRINT AT 19, j+7
CHS 6: RETURN
UEge PRINT AT 20, J4S;CHRS €: RET
8800 GO SUB S100
8002 LET N=CODE INKEYS: IF n=sa
THEN GO SUB 816@: LeT pxapx-2
8805 IF pxcS THEN LET px =20
810 IF n=Sé THEN GO SUS 8100: L
ET pyspy+i
So15° 2F py226 THEN LeT vet
8020 IF n=SS THEN Go Sub” 6188: L
EY pyspy-2
S@e5 IF py<a THEN LET py=i6
303¢ IF naS6 THEN GO SUB Biee: &
ET pxapx4t
POLY-SCROLL
by S.D. Lemke
printed on DF-1.
Ohlo.
alternate
file has
the
while you
work very well,
29
You are in direct control of
observer can see (or not see}.
The program is mostly BASIC, with 3
Row, and Vid (as used in the program
listing). These routines are POKEd into memory locations
starting from a user defined value, BASE (line 60),
machine code is totally
(lines 8000 to 8140).
to validate the code as it is
there is an error, a warning will be given and the
with the error will be identified. The present Demo uses
a BASE value of 48500. If you are not using the 2040
type printer, the printer buffer location (23296)
code routines--Col,
8@3S IF px>2@ THEN LET px=s
6Q40 IF n=45 THEN PRPER 7: PRINT
AT py .px; CHRS i23
6e4e iF 7 THEN PAPER @: PRINT
AT pu px; CHRS 143: PAPER 7
eed FOR tzi@a To ies: PLOT 104,
t: PLOT t,404) NEXT t
8050 RETURN
8208 LET atsINT CéATTR (pysRKt)y
8)
6105 IF_at=7? THEN PRINT AT_¢:
ACHRS 134) PRINT AT by, px; CHI
37: PRINT AT Py px; CHRE 126
8110 IF at=@ THEN PAPER 7: PRINT
AT Py.px,CHRS 134: PRINT AT py
Px
$i
PX, CHR$ 137: PAPER @: PRINT AT &
YAPXiCHRS 142: PAPER 7
8932 RETURN
9010 BORDER 1: SRIGHT 1
$025 PAPER S: BRIGHT 4
TO 21: PRINT AT 1,8)"
$020 PAPER 1; BRIGHT @
TO 21: PRINT AT 1,26;
9830 PAPER 5: BRIGHT 1
9850 PAPER 1: BRIGHT i
TO 21: PRINT AT 1,27)"
MT t
SQ60 PAPER S: BRIGHT @
TO 22: PRINT AT B,1; ~
NEXT t
9972 FOR t=1 TO 16: PRINT AT 1.4
AT tea)"
NEXT 1
9082 PRINT AT 2.4 BAT @,2a; 7
“GAT 8,4;"_";AT 8.27 Z
ge90 FOR t=32 To 39: pLor 35.1
PLOT 1@3,1: PLOT 363,t; PLOT
L436: PLOT 183,t4135; PLOT 166
14136: NEXT 1
92 PRINT AT 4-";AT 17,8;
3-"VAT 8,15; AT 47,45) %-4
S@93 PLOT 39,59: cRAW @,128: DRA
0 329,6: DRA @,-i28: PLOT 32,39
> DRAU 14350
$@95 PAPER 1: INK 7: PRINT AT BO
“SUATH™ | AT 8,
3AT 7,27,
AT 9.27: "CODES" AT 15
"STORE AT 21,27; "PRINT"
$100 BRIGHT’1: Cet eee: LET j=i
GO SUB 9508
$105 LET j=10: Go sus gsea
a8
ape}
$132 LET j=16: GO SUB 9500
120 PRINT AT 6,8: "row”
$130 BRIGHT 9: PAPER 7: FOR t=
INK @: PAPER 5 BRIGHT 1
PRINT AT 18,3; "AB
PRINT AT 48,41; "a
ORT Ba, 1ds" oe
BRIGHT @: PRINT AT
LAT BO,2;
AT 19,7)
RETURN
what the
short machine
The
relocatable using the LOADer
The LOADer has a built in checker
POKEd into memory, If
Vine
would
COL and ROW each transfer a column or row of pic-
ture element data from display file 1 to display file 2.
Each is very fast, Each of these routines use locations used to do this is found in lines 9100 to 9210. A total
23727 and 23728 to define the row
tively, that is to be transferred. Rows are defined as 1
(bottom) to 24 (top), and columns are 2
(left). The top, left location is row 24,
the bottom, right is row 1, column 2.
column 33 and
The reason for
column respec- of tweive different scrolls are presented!
VID is the machine code that prepares the TS 2068
(right) to 33 for the use of the alternate display file. This routine
relocates the Function Dispatcher and Machine Stack.
After you type in the program, it will self-save by
this odd arrangement is that ROW and COL use @ ROM call typing RUN 9999 [ENTER]. To run, just RUN [ENTER}?, The
based on this arrangement. 8y transferring rows and program wil] demonstrate al] 12 screen scrolls and pause
columns from Display File 1 to Display File 2 in differ-
ent orders, you can scroll data onto the screen from top
after the last. Press ENTER to start the demo again, Any
other key will return you to the standard display file
to bottom, bottom to top, left to right, ect. The BASIC and the program will "STOP".
1 REM Seeeeeeecetarrestessrss
POLY—-SCROLL
by 8 D Lemke
Lemke Software Development
2144 White Oak
Wichita, K: 67207
seanancuaeressasazaeresenertsrse
10 REM BASE = 46500
20 REM RND 48525 =~ Column
30 REM RND 48552 -- Row
40 REM RND 46587 vid mode
SO REM #oeeatesaeeereeetexeres
40 LET base=4@500: LET bie INT
(base/2561: LET b2=base-2564b1:
LET base2=basetiS: LET bIEINT tb
ase2/256): LET b4=base2~254¥b7
70 LET col=bases25,
80 LET row=base+S2
90 LET vid=base+7
100 REM saeeesegaraereariaaries
200 GO SUB 8000: RANDOMIZE USR
vids OUT 255,01 CLS + GO SUB 910
Or OUT 255,1
210 PAPER 1: BORDER 1; INK 9: C
us
220 PRINT “This program uses th
® alternate Display File to disp
lay data or text. All the usual
Basic print and draw commands ca
n be used.": GD SUB 9100: PAUSE
300
310 PAPER 2: INK 9: CLS
320 PRINT '’*'*Each time you ex
ecute a ROW or Column Machine C
ode routine, 1 Row or Column is
copied from _Diaplay File 1 t
© Display File 2": GO SUB 9110:
PAUSE 300
410 PAPER 3: INK 9: CLS
420 PRINT AT 6,03” While the ¢
eader is reading the present
screen, you can have the pr
ogram prepare the next screen
425 PLOT 0,0: DRAW 255,01 DRAW
0,175: DRAW -255,0r DRAW 0,-175:
GO SUB 9120: PAUSE 300
S10 PAPER 4: INK 9: CLS
520 FRINT AT 10,03" This provid
es the programmer a powerful to
01 for creating fast and exiting
games and demos.": GO SUB 9150:
PAUSE 300
610 PAPER S: INK S: CLS
620 PRINT AT 13,0; "This program
will demonstrate a total of 12
different ways that you can scol
1a screen!"; GO SUB 9140: PAUSE
300
710 PAPER 6: INK 9: CLS
720 PRINT AT 15,0;"1 hope that
you enjoy using the POLY-SCROLL
screen utility.": GO SUB 9180: F
AUSE 240
B10 PAPER 7: INK 1: CLS
B20 CIRCLE 128,86,40; CIRCLE 12
880,41: PRINT AT 1G,ie;"1": CIF
CLE 110,100,3: CIRCLE 144, 100,32
CIRCLE 112,99,1: CIRCLE 148,99,
PLOT 110,702 DRAW 36,0,.5s GO
SUB 9160: PAUSE 200
910 PAPER O: INK 9: CLS
920 PRINT AT 1,05" One advantag
© of using DF-2 to display data
is that you can nowlead in data,
pictures, @tc. andnot have your
display affected by the LOAD t
itles printed on DF-1": GO SUB
9170: FAUSE 300
1010 PAPER 1: INK 9: CLS
1020 PRINT AT 5,0; "After the LOA
Dis complete you can scroll yo
ur data/picture to DF-2 for view
ing!": GO SUB 9100: PAUSE 300
4140 PAPER 2s INK 9s CLS
1120 PRINT AT 8,0;"When customiz
ing this program for your own
use, delete lines 210 thru 1320
of this demo.": GO SUB 9190: PA
USE 240
1210 PAPER 3: INK 9 CLS
1220 PRINT AT 11,0;"Set BASE suc
h that it will mot be over writ
ten and destroyed by your prog
ram. 1# you are not using the 20
40 printer. then theprinter buff
er location (23296) is a good v
@lue for BASE": GO SUB 9200; PAU
SE 330
1310 PAPER 4: INK 9: CLS
1520 PRINT AT 10,03 "Press ENTER
to Start Demo over again, any o
ther key to STOP": GO SUB 92101
PAUSE Os LET 1=INKEYS: IF i$=CH
Ra i3 THEN GO TO 210
7998 OUT 255,0: STOP
7999 REM POKE/LOAD Machine Cade
000 PAPER 1: INK 9s BORDER 1: C
LS : PRINT TAB 113 FLASH 15 “WORK
Inc"
8100 LET sum=0: RESTORE 9000: FO
R i=vid TQ vide3a: READ a: POKE
a,a: LET sum=sumt+a: NEXT i: IF s
umé>$207 THEN LET L=9000; GO TO
9800
6110 LET sum=Os RESTORE 7010: FO
R isbawe TO base+24: READ a: POK
E i,a: LET sum=sumta: NEXT IF
sum¢>2787 THEN LET 1=9010: GO
To 9800
8120 LET sum=0: RESTORE 7020: FO
R i=col TO col+2é6: READ POKE
i,a: LET sum=sumear NEXT is IF s
UAC > (24944 14b2+b34b4) THEN LET
1=9020: GD TO 9800
8130 LET sum=G: RESTORE 9030: FO
R isrow TO rowe34: READ a: POKE
i,az LET sum=sum+a: NEXT i: IF 6
um< > (3347+bi+b2+b3+b4> THEN LET
1=9030: GO TO 9800
8140 RETURN
9000 DATA 44,0, 62,1,211,244,219.
288, 203, 255, 211,255, 62,6, 245, 251
+205, 142, 14,0,219, 255, 203,191.21
1,255,175, 221,294,241,254, 128,32
+4,50,93, 104,251,201
9010 DATA 35,176, 92,78, 33, 175,92
+70, 120, 205,41,9,229,193, 201,124
715,15, 15,230, 3, 246,85, 105,201
7020 DATA 205, b2,b1,6, 192, 229,20
S,b4,b3, 126,17, 0,52, 25,119, 2281
26, 25,119, 17,224, 31, 237,82, 16,23
5,203
9030 DATA 205,b2,b1,6,8,197,4,32
+ 229,229,205,b4,63,126,17,0,32,2
5S, 119,225, 126, 25,119, 225, 35,16,2
37,193, 17,224,0, 25, 16, 227, 201
30
9098 REM Scroll Subroutines
9099 REM = Columns = =5>>
9100 PRINT AT 20,3;"Laft to Righ
t --—No, 1": FOR c=33 TO 2 STEP
71h POKE 23727.243 POKE 23728.
: RANDOMIZE USR col: NEXT cz RET
URN
7107 REM = Columns = (<=
9110 PRINT AT 20,3;"Right to Let
t n-- No. 2": FOR c=2 TO 33s POK
€ 23727,24: POKE 23728,c: RANDOM
IZE USR col: NEXT c: RETURN
9119 REM Rows Upward
9120 PRINT AT 20,2;"Battom ta To
po w-- No. 3": FOR r=i TO 242 POK
€ 23727,rs POKE 23728,33: RANDOM
IZE USR row: NEXT rz: RETURN
9129 REM Rows Downward
F130 PRINT AT 20,2;"Top to Botto
m --~ No. 4": FOR r=24 10 1 STEF
“1: POKE 23727,r: POKE 23728,33
3 RANDOMIZE USR row: NEXT rz RET
URN
9139 REM Diag LR TB
9140 PRINT AT 20,0; "Diagonal: L>
R and T>B -=- No, 5%, LET cm33s
FOR re24 TO 1 STEP -1: POKE 2372
7,r% POKE 23728,53; RANDOMIZE US
R row
9142 IF c>e2 THEN POKE 23727,24
s POKE 23728,c1 RANDOMIZE USR co
i: LET cee-t
9144 IE c>=2 AND ry=i7 THEN POK
E 23727,24: POKE 23726,c: RANDOM
1ZE USR col: LET c=c~i
9146 NEXT ¢: RETURN
P7147 REM Diag RPL TB
9150 PRINT AT 20,0;"Diagonal: R>
Land T>B --- No. 4"s LET ce2s F
OR r=24 TO 1 STEP -1: POKE 23727
ot POKE 23728,33: RANDOMIZE USR
row
9152 IF c<=33 THEN POKE 23727,2
41 POKE 23728,cs RANDOMIZE USR Cc
ol: LET cacti
9154 IF c<=33 AND 6 >=17 THEN FO
KE 23727,24: POKE 23728,c: RANDO
MIZE USR cola LET c=c+i
9154 NEXT rt RETURN
9157 REM Diag RL BT
9160 PRINT AT 20,0; "Diagonals n>
L and §>T -—- No. 7": LET r
OR eZ TO SSt POKE 25727, 243 Pox
E 23728,cs RANDOMIZE USR col
9162 IF 7>=17 THEN POKE 2372752
4: POKE 23728,c+1: RANDOMIZE USR
col: LET cae+t
9164 IF r<s24 THEN POKE 23727.
2 POKE 23728, 33: RANDOMIZE USR r
ow: LET rared
9166 NEXT ct RETURN
9187 REM Diag) LR BT
9170 PRINT AT 20,0; "Diagonal: L>
R and B>T --— No. 8%: LET cwti F
OR c=33 TO 2 STEP -1: POKE 23727
7242 POKE 23728,c: RANDOMIZE USK
col
9172 IF ¢>=17 THEN POKE 23727,2
4: POKE 23728,c~1: RANDOMIZE USR
colt LET cxc~1
9174 IF r<=24 THEN PUKE 23727,r
2 POKE 23728,33: RANDOMIZE USR r
ows LET r=r+d
9176 NEXT cz RETURN
Listing continued next page...
9179 REM
Around = Inward
3727,24: POKE 237
28,1: RANDOMIZE USK col: LET 1=1 2e,
“1
F1G2 POKE 23727,¢: POKE 23728,25
RANDOMIZE USK row: LET
F184 POKE 23727, 24: POKE 22721
: RANDOMIZE USK cals LET rr4i
7186 POKE 23727,b; POKE 23726,33
S190 PRINT AT 20,05
tside =~ No. LO":
be17s LET t=i7:
O41
: RANDOMIZE USK
9196 POKE 23727,b:
9200 PRINT AT 20,0
ht to Center -=- 11
O 2 STEF =1: POKE 23727,24
RANDOMIZE USR ca.
237 : POKE
ANDOMIZE USR col:
9209 KEM Rows Up/Down
9216 PRINT AT 20,03 "Top and Bott
om to Center ---"t
2a:
POKE 23728,23 3s
2 RANDOMIZE USR row: LET bab+1
2 RANDOMIZE USR row: LET b=be+l a SF row
9188 NEXT x: RETURN Bae NEE TIAN RETURN, 273 9800 CLS FY “You have an er
189 REM Around - Outward TS7SREM" ¢Relumns: ss 6 ror
2998
9999 GAVE "Poly-Scroi" LINE 1
MORE RESOURCES FOR YOUR SINCLAIR
FROM TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE
Best Book Deal of the Century?
2X81: PROGRAMMING FOR REAL APPLICATIONS by Randle
Hurley, Ts a 164 page book and a cassette tape
with 15 software programs. This excellent package
currently sells for $24.95 In book stores. for
all ZX81/TS{000/TS1500 users. OUR PRICE: $6.00
CONTROL THINGS WITH YOUR TIMEX SINCLAIR ts a 183
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Lots of projects and illustrations. A good way to
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Best Of TIME DESIGNS VOL. |
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of all the major articles, prograns and product
reviews trom November /Oecember 1984 to September /
October 1985, Its spiral bound, and as an added
bonus, we've added the all new National TS Users
Group Directory and Resource Guide. PRICE: $10.00
NOTE: We still have all of the back issues of
Volume Two In stock (limited quantities) starting
with January/February 1986. Back Issues aro $3.0
TECHNICAL
MANUAL
TIMEX SINCLAIR
2068
PERSONAL
COLOR COMPUTER
Official 2068 Tech Manual is back!
Now re-designed and better than before.
The Timex Corporation had 4,000 of these 2066
Technical Manuals printed up, but quickly sold
out of them. When Timex decided not to print any
more of them, we bought the exclustve North
American publishtng rights to the Tech Manual.
We've Improved on Fhe old preduct, by fixing up
some errors, numbered the pages, designed a great
looking color cover, and spiral bound the whole
thing. The 2068 Technical Manual is for any T/S
2068 owner who is interested in edvanced pro-
gramming and hardware applications. A wealth of
ntormation, diagrams, charts, and a clearly
reproduced schematic diagram of the PC board
<bound right In the manual}. Over 300 pages in
all! We have hundreds of these In stock now, for
immediate shipment, PRICE: $25.00 ppd. (same
price that Timex sold them for).
We pay the postage on all orders!
Send Check or M/O To:
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE CO.
29722 Hult Rd Colton, OR 97017
Telephone: (503) 824-2658
WS VAP.
by Bill Ferrebee
A few issues ago (YoI,2 No.1), I
MAKER", a program to print cassette labels for your
program collection, The response I received showed me
that many of you found this program a useful one.
1 now present for your approval: T/S V.1.P. (Timex/
Sinclair Video Identification Program),
T/S ¥.I.P. allows you to use standard 3
15/16" tractor-feed labels with your full
to organize your video collection.
The labels are printed in the format as
the example provided.
As with “Label Maker", this program is designed to
work with the print driver software provided with your
particular printer interface. The procedure is simple:
i. Load your driver software, and save it to a
blank tape. DO NOT REWIND THE TAPE!
2. Enter the program listing. Save this
blank tape immediately following the driver.
command: SAVE “vip" LINE 1
That's it! You should be able to find tractor-feed
jJabels wherever you buy computer paper. Good Tuck, and
let me know of any enchancements!
presented "LABEL
2" x
size printer
shown in
on the
Use the
Inventory #
Title
Rating
Length
VISA/MASTERCARD ACCEPTED
Timex/Sinclair Video Identification Program
INK 0: CLS ¢ INPUT “Inventory #:";a%
2 IF LEN a$>32 THEN GO TO 10
PRINT TAB 16“CLEN a%/2);a%
INPUT "Tithe: ";bS
IF LEN b$232 THEN GO TO 20
PRINT TAB 16-(LEN b$/2);b%
INPUT “Rating: ";c%
IF LEN ¢$>32 THEN GO TO 30
PRINT TAB 16~(LEN c#/2)j;c%
INPUT “Length Cex, 1:23)
IF LEN d$>32 THEN GO TO 40
PRINT TAB 16~-<(LEN d$/2)>; 4%
INPUT "Format et
IF LEN e$>15 THEN GD TO SO
PRINT e$;
INPUT "Speed: "; f%
IF LEN f$>15 THEN GO TO 60
PRINT TAB 32-LEN f#; 1%
PRINT AT 21,8; FLASH 15" Correct? ¢y/n>
IF INKEY®: THEN GO TO 72
IF INKEY$="n" THEN 60 TO 10
PRINT AT 21,83" is
INPUT "Number of copiest";x
FOR i=1 TO x
LPRINT TAB 16-(LEN
LPRINT TAB 16-(LEN
LPRINT TAB 16-(LEN c#/2);c#
LPRINT TAB 16~CLEN d¢/2);d¢
LPRINT e%; TAB 32-LEN f%; fs
LPRINT + NEXT i
INPUT “More? ty/n)a"; x
IF x#="y" THEN GO TO 90
INFUT "Another title? Cy/nds"px$
IF x@="y" THEN GO TO 10
CLS + PRINT AT 10,8;"CWork Completel": STOP
a$/2);a%
bS/2);b8
TIMEX SINCLAIR 2068
SABOTEUR!
FROM DURELL
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WRITE FOR OUR FREE CATALOG
KNIGHTED GOMPUTERS
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(315) 593-8219
32
Have you ever typed a long list of Information
Into an array, and then attempted to RUN your pro-
gram, only to find out that the RUN command wiped out
the entire array? The first thIng you say to yourself
(after cursing at the computer) Is "why didn't 1 put
the data in a Data Statement?"
DATA Statements have
arrays. When storing strings, all the
array must be as long as the longest
strings are followed by spaces). Therefore, if you're
trying to conserve bytes, a data statement may be the
answer. You can also save RAM bytes by storing numbers
as strings, and then using the VAL function when you
need the numbers for mathematical calculations.
Now, why don't we use DATA Statements more often?
The answer is simple: it takes forever to type in all
those quotation marks, commas, and Tine numbers, To
eliminate this problem, I wrote a program that allows
you to type in your data, depressing only the ENTER key
between each item in your list. To use this program, we
must first reserve room in RAM for the DATA Statement.
To do this, first MERGE any other program which has wore
bytes of BASIC than your longest DATA Statement will
have. If you do not have @ program which is long enough,
some other advatages
strings
string (shorter
over
in an
9964 LET bytes=a
the above merged programs, POS Tac ENT Ubetes
9975 REM Now you can eithe-
LORD “DATAGEN” or RUN go7s 42, butes-2564INT
$376 CLS : POKE 23561,200. PoKE $885 POKE prog-s
23609,10@; INPUT “How many tes 9986 CLE : PRINT
mat fou want in the DATA siate epcess fhe ENTER
ent? entry." “Enter
SS2> NelT wnat wilt be iin to end
€ number of the GATA statemen ytes in
t7" "the Line mumber must be te this i
£5 than 99971"; 4 IF NOT (4:99 and th
97) THEN GO TO 3977 9c87 LET ag
9978 PRINT INVERSE 1,AT 10,10."P 9865 LET adr
LEASE WAITE”: LET prog=PEEK 2363 S985 BEEP .@2,
S+256ePEEK 25655 UT ag: IF ass"
9979 LET adr=prog-1 HEN CLS”: 80 TI
9990 IF adf+LENn
PRINT AT 5.8)
bes not fit
Start
0 TO sse4
9960 LET adrsadr44+PEEK tadreSi+
s
18
a
12
“BR
ee
4_LET_IN=: ve aR
DER S: SOUND. is
ie, 42,d4. ce as
FoRsh 2 AT I a3
Ee
25
3
a2
hee
as
munoue:
4puen
DATAGEN
by Kenneth Fracchia
9972 REM MERGE & programis) BSE4PEEK (egress
Wath more bytes oF Baste than 9981 IF PLogsSin <
a3) GaN LEGIA grerepe” Seae 815888.
“DATAGEN*
9974 REM GOTO 9999 to SAVE 99695 POKE Pp 12
you can MERGE several programs. Do not be concerned that
the MERGEd programs do not make sense. They are only
used to occupy space in RAM. It's better to MERGE a pro-
gram(s} that is much longer than necessary, otherwise, a
long DATA Statement might overflow the reserved bytes of
RAM. 20,000 bytes is probably sufficient for your Jong~
est DATA Statement, and does not take too long to MERGE.
Now, MERGE “DATAGEN", and then enter the following
command: GOTO 9999, This will SAVE all the merged pro-
grams, including “DATAGEN". Now, you can either LOAD
“DATAGEN", or RUN 9976, The foliowing should be printed
before the program listing. CAUTION: RUNing this program
will delete some (or all) of the program, so SAVE it
immediately after typing it into your computer. The
command GOTO 9999 will save it.
MORE PROGRAM NOTES: Be aware that if you input a high
number (say 20000) as the desired DATA Statement length,
then if you do not enter 20000 bytes of data, there will
be a delay as the program pokes in spaces from the last
entered piece of data to the end of the line, Example:
You ask for 20000 bytes in the DATA Statement, and only
enter 1000 bytes...then it may take about 10 minutes to
POKE 19000 spaces into the data line. This problem will
not occur in normal use of the program,
T+ 3 9931 FOR z=i TO LEN ¢§. LET a
ade THEN LET 34° agrei: POKE ad? CODE dsiz) NE
KE Be a2 dr4t, POKE ar,
d-prog-3. Ba BOKE ber a3
3256) POKE 9999 Go TO 9258
ipytes /e56) 9994 PRINT AT 10,10; "PLEASE wart
Be Be) rOR sagr-i TO adel EDKE 2.
“Enter data. © 82: NEXT 2
Fes after gach 9995 BEEP 1,5: BEEP 1,-5, BEEP 1
SG hSe.2200 Ts: seer 15-8: PRINT AT is.8. "be
; Press tettér 0 to DELETE this Fr
ogram, The DATA LIST wilt notbe
deleted.”
9995 IF INKEYS<2"0~
“D" THEN GO TO 9996
THEN PRINT 35; °
REO" | SUB
SUB_THEN IF ToT22
7. LET 3&2 iRGLe)
HAS THE BEST SCORE
a74 PRINT
AND INKEY$<>
9997 DELETE 32,9996. POKE prog. IN
T (i256); POKE prog+1,l-256+INT
(L256). CLS
9986 DELETE Bas7.
9999 SAVE “DATAGEN" LINE 9976
a
‘< BRET aT 61,3
7S PRINT TAS (FEES INK
7? IF PEER (Z)>S@ THEN PRINT
7 20,0: PRINT TAB (PEER 1z)}-5:
75 fe Beek (z) 2200 THEN PRINT
AT 28,0. PRINT TAB (PEEK (2) 3-429
tat is,e@ 8) INK 3: e CU BRINT TAB (PEE
By "brat? © (2) y-200) INK asf"
: 3 UE stcbtie THEN LET
ae aps +s LET z=z+se
Se REED So TO 408 ,
iee Go To 45
LET Z=Z-seoee
ET ZeZeSL
IE [Rese THEN LET Z=zsse. p
EN g) (YOU HAVE BIT
Ha
THE
eB
Su
THEN LET HIeZ: LET
)” HAS THE RECORD
RINT AT
PRUSE 52
LET ROLE =sROLE+1
TF ROLE: TOT THEN
1 TO See
40d
shy
Bromine testo
ogee soe
oF Bo
be oem
eo Ta 7
t
© <Rageney f wMa~ ~yes
REAG x,y
FORE USR
FORE USA
tz MED
Po
pe bs
taxaeoea + END
ri
ered
sae IN TM
Mme cm
338 NeXT _F
880 RETURN
NEXT Oo
(END S82 =4 i808 FLOT 95,150
763-24;
16
SAND $c yi
FOR Fai To AW 45,40
LET T= 1030 SLOT 180,156
PRINT AT.
IF Tis® THEN GO TO 40@
RETURN
B [0 #1: PRINT AT FLO
To 21 STEP 2
TO 8: NEXT &
PRINT AT 24,8) INK 3; "Ae
Ae AR
r
WAS WONT IAT 22,
NEXT_F
SPS INPUT “DO YOU_PLAY ANOTHER
GAME Piyene' Toe: IF Seo." N”
Go TO 858
S30 RESTORE . Go TO @
@@ DIN Y#iTOT,S)
FOR Fel TO TOT
21,0;
+f INPUT Us
Us-us+
vg(F) sustd TO
AND
THEN co TO ?
sci
Fei TO ToT-1
gtF) ayatreds
LET YS (TOT
IF Sub>iSe
BOR F-3 TO
i848 DRAY 4,-180
2.A;T Bul -4,-7) DRA =a,
1O5@ CIRCLE 194,19
dese PLOT 1285183
A@7® ORAL @.-188. ORAW 4,47; DRA
“NANE OF FLAY Wo3S,-47) ORAL -35,52; ORAW 35,4
7. ORAL -38,-52: BRAY -4,47
: igae PAUSE i40
ES) 2188 PRINT AT 2,5; "As" )AT 18,3)"
SRT 28,37) "AR aT Bieri ae Al
A T4285) "A aT T7228; i 49,
ZrASe THEN Gog afc, ie ta TAT Sie. ae
daee ror Fi Td 30. 'see®’ Looe
MEXT F. PRINT _AT 18, ai
S-CHARLES ERIC GOYETTE”
4205 Ss0Se 45
1219 FOR Fei TO 42
NEXT F
s SEES .@2,18
i290 PAUSE 40
BVO RETURN
4900 LET IN=INtL
4810 SAINT © PRINT
SRULES 334244423 5324%
4820 PRINT © PRINT ©
E GAME UITH @ UNITS
4830 PRINT
WEN YOU Sk
U Ger Ss
4040 PRINT "UHEN YOU
—™, . YOU GETS BONUS P:
CENDING ALL THE SLOPE
ONUS POINTS,”
BEEP .e02,65
PRUSE 33° BEEP .04,5
+855
BEEP
ENERGY
POKE USER Gad PRINT “IF you BIT NO TREE
is = OU GET 6@_ BONUS POINTS,"
POKE USR 4047 PRINT "WHEN ONE OF THE Pla
ERS GETS MORE THAN isa POINT
«A NEW SLOPEIS CREATED,
4850 PRINT © PRINT “satsessseees
COD LUCK! #3454443555"
4960 RETURN
S088 DATA 0.128 ,1,128,7.192,25.1
§2,53,192,15, 288,49, 140.65,130
sai0 dATA’8,,0,0,0/0,0,126,0,5,
125,292 ,42, 6.6,453,4.478
DRAW 4,100; OF
TASWORD Word Count Utility Modification by puncan Teague
A word count utility is a feature I've wanted to
add to my copy of Tasword Two for nearly a year. The
routine published in the February/March 1986 issue of
ZX COMPUTING [a British magazine}, is wonderful! Thanks
to John Wall's article, my already excellent version of
Tasword has been made even more useful.
I want to share with you a small modification
is necessary to allow this Spectrum utility to
correctly with the U.S. version of Tasword Two.
The values in the data statement will not work on
the Timex/Sinclair 2068 version of Tasword because of
the different starting address of the text file code and
the maximum length of the text file. In the U.S. version
of Tasword, the text file begins at address 33280 in-
stead of 32000. The maximum length of the text file is
only 19200 bytes instead of 20480 - 300 lines instead of
320.
Because of these differences, two values must be
altered in the data statenent in line 9810. The sixth
set of three digits must be changed from "081" to "076".
The ninth set of three digits must be changed from "124"
to "129".
The latter alteration raises the starting address
of the word count from 31999 to 33279. This effectively
that
work
reduces the maximum length of the text file by 1280
bytes. The former alteration allows the word count to
proceed through only 19200 + 256 bytes of text file in-
stead of 20480 + 256 bytes.
Here's the complete routine as
modified
Timex/Sinclair 2068:
for the
9908 RESTORE : READ a®: FOR n=52
618 TO 52657: LET a=VAL a$( TO 3
)# POKE n,at LET af=a¢(4 TO >: N
EXT #
9810 DATA *86100680601 70808746633
2551290 350276620601862661 24625403
204624586 36356 270620601 962000620
631652540 868326678351 26254832043
8322351 262540328032231 824217"
I have underlined the two critical three-character
decimal numbers to be sliced from this string. The user
still must modify the program's menu to add a PRINT USR
VAL "52610" at some appropriate point and modify the
“Save Tasword" routine to start saving the Tasword code
at 52610 for a length of 12925 bytes.
For reference to this converted Spectrum program,
take a look at the original article in ZX COMPUTING.
34
M
Several months ago, I wrote a weld design program
that used two special menus from which a person could
select the number of the weld picture that would be most
applicable. Figure number one is a print-out of one of
these menus (the actual screen display is much more im-
pressionable).
For this project, I also developed special
paper for high-resolution drawings, on my Radio Shack
Plotter. With this graph paper, and the step by step
approach in this article, you can make your very own
“MacInclair" menus, (NOTE: TIME DESIGNS will mail a copy
of this graph paper, suitable for photo-copying, to any
reader who sends a legal-size S.A.S.E£., to: Time Designs
Magazine, Graph Paper Offer, 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, OR
97017. The graph paper is free. One copy per customer
please]
First draw a border “grid” (see example) on the
graph paper to enable you to keep your pictures in your
menu separate from each other. Draw or photo-copy your
pictures, and glue them onto the separate grid areas,
Write a subroutine such as the one I used (see below)
in my weld program to set up the grid on the screen.
graph
5080 REM Grid Pattern
5018 DRAW 255.8 : DRAW @,152 1 DRAW -255,0 2
DRAW G,-152 1 PLOT 1,1 1 DRAW 253,01: DRAW
O,15@ : DRAW -253,@ : ORAW @,-150 : PLOT 2,
1S : DRAW 251,83 DRAW @,1 : DRAW -251,8 3
PLOT 2,75 : DRAW 251,@ : DRAW @,1 : DRAW -25
1,@ 5 PLOT 2,35 : DRAW 251,@ + DRAW 8,1 : DR
AW -251,@ : PLOT 63,2 : DRAW @,i48 1 DRAW 1,
@ ; DRAW @,~-148 : PLOT 1£27,2 : DRAW 8,148
DRAW 1,0: DRAW @,-146 + PLOT 191,21 DRAW @
1146): DRAW 1,8 5 DRAW @,-L4E
5020 RETURN
Next we will write a subroutine that will enable us
to draw the picture from data that we put into @ data
statement.
6008 REN Draw Subroutine
6081 LET z=@: LET i=18: LET j=133
S805 READ a: IF a=VAL "3@O@" THEN GO TO VAL
“eaer*
$006 IF a=VAL "1800" THEN READ a: READ b: RE
AD c: DRAW a,b,c: 60 TO VAL *6@@5*
6887 IF a=VAL “2808* THEN READ a: READ br PL
OT a,b: GO TO VAL “sees”
READ b: DRAW a,b: GO TO VAL "S805"
S089 LET razei: IF ret OR 282 THEN 60 TO VAL
Cut and paste the flat plates that are butt welded
together onto the graph paper so that the Tower left
corner of the picture is at 18 horizontal from left to
right and 133 from the bottom (refer to the coordinates
given on the graph paper). Write a statement similar to
the grid pattern statement that describes only the
picture (not the arrows, as in my pictures}, Do not use
plot statements, but redraw over lines to make a “con-
tinuous" picture. The graph paper helps to determine the
length and direction of the draw statements, Now convert
your statement to a DATA statement similar to line 8010
in the subroutine below. Now do the same for the arrows
and any portion of the weld that may be required, and
compare with Tine 8000 below. Next we will write 2 sub-
routine to blow the picture up inte a larger size, to
check for any errors. Note that "i" and "“j" are the
original picture plot points, and the numbers are the
added locations for the start of the arrows and welds in
Tine 8000.
35
aclIntosh-type Menu for the 2068
by Dennis Jurries
WELD SEU
ION TREBLE
Figure 2
REM Expanded Draw Sub.
7@05 LET tele LET i=SQ: LET j=10l
7O1G RESTORE Bdda+t+16
7020 READ a: IF a=3O0@ THEN GOTO 7058
7O3@ IF a=108@ THEN READ a : READ b : READ
1 DRAW a,b,c + GOTO 7028
7O35 IF a#200@ THEN READ a: READ b + GOTO 7
PLOT iy
READ b : DRAW Jea,Seb + GOTO 7028
LET tetei: IF te2 THEN GO TO 6285
STOP
DATA 2088, i141, j)+6,-18,0,2,2,8,-5
i423, +5, 14,0,-2,2 122,21
155-2, -5,-2,5 13138
oie DATA 19 155-718)-8,-5 8,5, 10
78,8,-8,-5,8,-5,19
By pressing CONTINUE after the first RUN, and the
addition of another DATA statement such as line 8020,
the arrows and the weid portion that was left out can be
added to a picture that is three times the original
size,
80, 108,6,15,-6,-15,-6,15, 3008
The original grid pattern may also be run through
the subroutine at line 600G.
Using this information as a background, you can now
make “MacInclair"=type menus for your programs and
drawings, Just add numbers to each grid, and a statement
at the bottom of the screen to prompt the user to select
joy~
a number, No fancy Koala tablet, no Mouse, and no
stick necessary.
DK’ Tronics Sound Synthesizer
Reviewed by Duncan Teague
OK ‘Tronics Sound Synthesizer
Damco Enterprises
67 Bradley Court
Fall River, MA 02720
Tel, (617) 678-2110
For Spectrum or 2068 (with
Rainbow Plus Interface}
Price: $39.95
The Dk'Tronics Sound Synthesizer is a toy, a tool,
and a terrific add-on to your Spectrum or T/S 2068. As a
toy it lets you enjoy the three canne? sound your com=
puter is capable of generating, and enjoy it at more
impressive levels. As a toc) it helps programmers and/or
musicians compose music and develop sound effects for
program enhancement or pure enjoyment, The Synthesizer
plugs directly into the back of your Spectrum computer
or can be used with T/S 2068 computers equipped with the
Rainbow Plus Spectrum Emulator/Interface. With the Sound
Synthesizer comes a four~inch speaker and one meter of
cable for connecting the two. The volume level of the
speaker can be controlled by a knob on the interface, or
from within the software which accompanies it.
The plug at the end of the speaker cable is an
ordinary 1/8-inch (miniature) audio connector. With an
appropriate adapter cable you could, I suppose, connect
the Systhesizer to the input of your stereo amplifier,
Then you could play your computer sound through your hi-
fi system.
With the Sound Synthesizer in place, Spectrum soft-
ware will play its music and sound effects through the
speaker, The Deeps from your keyboard will be amplified
as well, The volume is controlied by the knob on the
Synthesizer. (You should hear my Spectrum "Pinball"
game.) The peripheral does not operate with a 2068 in
its “home” mode...only in Spectrum mode.
The software which accompanies the DK'Tronics Sound
Synthesizer is even more impressive than the hardware,
“sound Designer” is capable of generating, storing, and
playing back “tones” in three part harmony, It can also
SOFTWARE IN REVIEW
Saboteur!
RATING: * * * *
Arecent trend in Spectrum programs
action and realism of the Martial Arts to the monitor
screen, Such programs as "The Way of the Exploding
Fists Yie Ar Kung Fu", the popular new “Way of the
Tiger", and “Saboteur!". There are some folks that just
don't appreciate this sort of thing. (Could it possibly
be the violent kicks, punches, use of weapons, and re-
sulting in the complete annihilation of your opponent?)
Well, perhaps the taste for this has to be acquired like
a fine wine. And I'l] be the first to admit that I can't
pass up a good Bruce Lee or Chuck Norris movie on the
telly. It's make believe and all just good fun.
My personal favorite is SABOTEUR! from Durell Soft-
ware. Although the program is for the Spectrum, it is my
understanding that Knighted Computers here in the States
has converted this program for the T/S 2068, and uses
the joystick port. If you have the Spectrum version, you
can still load it in the 2068 using @ Spectrum Emulator
or Romswitch.
Why SABOTEUR! works so well, is it's state-of-the-
art graphics, and that the principal character in this
game/simulation is a "Ninja". Yes, pernaps the most
ruthless and mystical "style" of the Martial Arts. And
this Ninja is no exception,.,he has all the tricks of
the trade including access to shirkens, swords, several
explosives, and of course a kickina/punch combination.
brings the
Produce “white noise” sound effects by modifying the
characteristics of the sound produced. The three tone
and noise "voices" can be turned on and off, and their
volumes can be controlled from within the program,
For keyboard-synthesizer buffs, the Sound Designer
software gives you an envelope generator capable of pro-
ducing square, triangle, and sawtooth wave shapes. You
can also control the attack and decay times. There is no
Provision for controlling the sustain and release.
For music buffs, there js a provision to “play” a
five octave music keyboard at the bottom of the screen.
Either computer keyboard controls or a joystick can be
used to move an indicator to different notes and store
them as one of the three "tunes" in memory. Up to 256
notes can be “recorded” per yoice and 768 notes per
tune. Playback “tempo” is also controllable.
Tune number one has already been stored on the tape.
It's a familiar English melody recorded by Simon and
Garfunkel in their rendition of “Parsley, Sage, Rosemary
and Thyme". Be sure to remove your socks before playing
this tune! If you don't, the Sound Synthesizer will
surely knock them off. It's simply beautiful.
1 played a couple of instruments as a youth, so I'm
sufficiently familiar with music to record some simple
tunes. In about half an hour (I'm not a keyboard player)
I recorded tune number two, “Twinkle, Twinkle Little
Star", in three part harmony. An eighth grade fellow T/S
enthusiast across the street from me recorded tune
number three, Beethhoven's "Fur Elise", in about ten
minutes. (Show-off!)
The instuction booklet that comes with the package
is slim but informative. It contains some “OUTput”
routines for producing music and sound from BASIC. The
booklet also covers coarse/fine tuning for notes of the
scale, ranges of values for envelope shapes and periods,
and instructions for "Sound Designer",
The DK'Tronics Sound Synthesizer is a sound (pun
intended) value. The hardware works well in concert with
the software and with other programs. This combination
will render speechless the Commodore users who brag
about the music their computers will produce. You'll
also be the envy of your next users group meeting.
TIME DESIGHS SOFTWARE RATING SYSTEM
Buy at your own risk.
Mediocre.
‘A diamond in the rough,
Try it, you'll like it.
Receives “Hall of Fame” status.
As a Ninja and special government agent, your
mission is to approach a huge warehouse by sea, search
the building for a special computer disk, and escape
with it via a helecopter that is parked on the roof, In
the meantime, you must thwart off armed guards (who also
are trained in the “arts"), guard dogs and automatic
laser weapons that track you by video camera. Its a very
difficult mission indeed, Fortunately, there a nine
skill levels to choose from. Level one will allow you to
practice what you need to know for other more difficult
levels,
The Ninja is controlled with five keys on the key-
board, or by one of the popular British joystick in-
terfaces for this Spectrum version, Your Ninja can climb
up ladders, jump, kick up and out, climb down or crouch
{to avoid being kicked and punched}, move right or left,
take objects, and throw or use these objects.
The animation in SABOTEUR! is just suberb. It must
be seen to be appreciated, Along with a complex series
of rooms, ladders, and platforms, it all adds up to be
a truly enjoyable and addictive game (a bit frustrating
at first). Probably not everyones “cup of tea",
SABOTEUR! is available from several British soft-
ware houses for £8.95, Contact Knighted Computers in the
U.S. for the special T/S 2068 version.
--D, Hutchinson
Colonize The Universe
ge
As Commander of
there are certain
your
risks and weighted decisions
your shoulders, Should you send the probecraft into the
ominous Black Hole, only to return without the precious
interplanetary spacecraft,
upon
fuel and having spent 10 gallons itself? Or snould you
go on...hoping to reach your own planet Armedia, which
you successfully colonized just last week? Your Science
Officer predicts @ meteor storm is moving into the area.
Taking your second option, you reach the sub-tropic
outpost in space by morning. And just in time, as both
fuel and food supplies have dangerously diminished. Here
on Armedia, you will restock the ship, as this is @
prosperous community. You are approached by the Mayor,
“Greetings Master! Welcome Home. How may we serve
you?" inquires your humble subject, the Mayor of this
colony.
All ina days work, you are heading out once again
into the voids of space to search out new planets, where
precious fuel factories and food harvesting operations
may be installed. Along the way, it is certain that
“deals" will be made, Time Warps will be encoutered, and
Super Novas could blow your sleek spacecraft into tiny
fragments at any time, Which planet will you Jand on
tomorrow...Cyg X-1A, Delcior, or maybe Triffid?
Welcome to the game, COLONIZE THE UNIVERSE, and the
delightful imagination of Timothy Kessler, the author of
this new program for the Timex/Sinclair 2068. COLONIZE
THE UNIVERSE is part text adventure game, part Monopoly-
type game, and greatly reminiscent of a boxed board-type
game (popular in college circles), The game requires at
SPRITES 2068
FANTASTIC HEW PROGRAM! Exciting & Educational
You've heard of SPRITES. Explore the subject.
Create Moving Displays and Games. Buy a copy
for your TS-2068, they belong together.
FEATURES:
~ SPRITE SERVICE UTILITY (2520 Bytes IMPROVED
professionally written machine code)
~ SPRITEDRAW Program (Great NEW program makes
drawing a SPRITE both fun and easy)
- Operate from BASIC (Utilizes a Machine Code
Interface, Twelve SPRITE Commands)
- Operate from Machine Language (VERY QUICK
Screen Action! Bonus MCSPRITES program)
- Cassette Tape (Includes demonstrations and
instructions. Menu driven. Fun to watch)
~ Manual (34 pages written in "user friendly"
style for all programmers)
Authors INTRODUCTORY SPECIAL Includes Postage
To ORDER: Send Check or Money Order $19.00 To
VERN TIDWELL OR RON RUEGG
1303 Whitehead St. 37529 Perkins Road
Key Vest, FL 33040 Prairieville,LA 70769
Li nave meen SPRITES 2060. I have reas it ang I have tested it:
and I cannel say snough good about it. If I had te
tunel Gf you HAVE @ TS-2068. you NEED
RATING; .f °# 90%
least 2 players, but will accomodate up to four players.
The graphics portion of COLONIZE THE UNIVERSE is a
single screen, the game board itself, which is unique in
design. It is shaped somewhat like an upside-down "U".
Game players are represented by arrows that flicker when
“ready”, and circle the parameter of the board depending
upon the roll of the dice. The “dice” are two little
icons just below the playing area. Text is also con-
tinuously displayed below the game board, along with
prompts,
The abject of the game is “survival of the fittest”
with the last player still moving about the game board,
taking the title of “winner”, Please note, that a single
game lasts for hours...so be prepared to spend some time
at it.
COLONIZE THE UNIVERSE is a good conceptual game,
and I strongly recommend it to afficiando's of this game
type. There is no “alien-shooting" here, only stratesy
and chance. It was refreshing to play a quiet (no sound
effects in this one} but challenging round with my com-
puter friends, Mr. Kessler's occaisonal dash of humor,
greatly enhanced the flavor of this space saga.
While traveling through space, taking the
part of universal real-estate agent, be sure to watch
your vitals: fuel, food and currency (gold). And also
those "sexy femaliens" may rob you blind,
COLONIZE THE UNIVERSE is exclusively distributed by
Wd Data Systems, 4 Butterfly Drive, Hauppauge, New York
11788. Price: $16.95 (+ $3 total order S&H).
--D. Hutchinson
————____,
Micr-A-Soft’'s
Design Board Il
2D & 3D GAD. Package
for the GL Computer
"30 CAD AUTOORAWN INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS WITH DESIGN BOARD i
3D CAD GRAPHICS ON THE QL with DESIGN BOARD It Suitabie
applications: Architectural, Tachnical-Drawing. Maps. Science.
Circuit-Dasign. Students. D.LLY.-Enthusiasts, Inches * CAO. auto-
draw of 2-D & 3-0 graphics + mirroring NSW. ® Line-banding * On
screen X,Y co-ords with optional linking grids * 4 texts mixable with
to be considerad as the TOP QL design packay
only $49.95
US. DISTRIBUTER:
ENGLISH MICRO CONNECTION
15 Kilburn Ct.
Newport, Rl 02840
401-849-3805
DIAMOND MIKE II
NEW MACHINE CODE
ARCADE HIT!
JRC SOFTWARE proudly announces a breakthrough in
2068/Spectrum compatible games called DIAMOND MIKE
Il. It is @ true arcade quality game with brilliant graphics,
color and sound. The abject is to collect enough diamonds
before time runs out, while avoiding falling rocks, ferocious
amebas and killer butterflies, There are 22 different
screens and 6 levels! DIAMOND MIKE II is sale priced at
$17.95! Ten day money-back guarantee! Just $2.00 extra
for C.0.D. Or mail check or money order to:
JRC SOFTWARE
P.O. Box 448
Scottsburg, IN 47170
Phone (812) 752-5106 or 752-6071
Diamond Mike II is 100% 16K Machine Code,
Free “Electronic Catalog" with your order!
C. W. Associates
419 N, Johnson Street
Ada, Ohio 46810
*** AUTHORIZED QL DEALER ***
For information and prices:
Send legal-size SASE
or
call (419) 634-4874 (6:00pm-9:00pm)
Fi
LARKEN
OISK DRIVE zyogy
Controller Boards for LOGE
‘eatures Common to Both:
LDOS on Eprom supports Basic Programs, Code blocks and Arrays
Commends are-DIRECTORY,LOAD,SAVE,FORMAT, DELETE and EXIT
Up to 52 files per disk ~ Directory is BOS maintained
Con be modified to work on either computer (eprom and cable req)
The most Powertu} DOS for the ZX-81 : Very User Friendly
2068 version is Spectrum Emulator Compatible: Extra commands
Requires double sided 5.25" drive :60 day money back guarentee
Prices: $95.00 (US) for single drive $99.00 for 1 or2 drives
$4.00 for drive cable (all other cables included)
include $5.00 shipping - Send certified cheque or MO.
To- LARKEN ELECTRONICS
(specify ZX-81 or 2068) RR#2 NAVAN ONTARIO
CANADA K4B-1H9
SEFSELES$FS555$94SS5554555494S9S
THE
KRUNCHER
HAVE YOU EVER RUN INTO
THAT BRICK WALL CALLED
“OUT OF MEMORY"?
HAVE WE GOT THE ANSWER FOR
YOU! A PROGRAM THAT WILL
“BYTE” INTO YOUR BASIC
PROGRAM, CHEW ON IT FOR A
FEW SECONDS, AND SPIT IT
BACK OUT WITH FROM 1@ TO
40% OF THE MEMORY EMPTY!
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2868/SPECTRUM — $9.95+1
1688 VERSION COMING SOON!
JUST CALL OR WRITE:
RmMG
ENTERPRISES
1419 1/2 7TH STREET
OREGON CITY, OR 97045
(S83) 655-7484
S.A.S.E.
EOR FREE CATALOG
SEND THIS AD OR COPY WITH
ORDER-GET COUPON GOOD FOR
#5 OFF NEXT ORDER FOR $25
OR MORE!
FFFSSSSESSSSESHSSLSHS4F4SFS$S$5:
THN MH HAHHUEH EAA HEH HEHEHE EERE HERE EE
Lemke Software Development
Pret Sketch and Graphics Editor 2068 version 2.0 is an wpdate of the original PS/GE
268 with the same powerful graphic editor capabilities: WINDOW COPY, ERASE,
ROTATE, ZOOM, WIDE VIEW, PAINT SHADE/FILL, MIRROR IMAGE, IN-
VERT, and DIGITIZE. MERGE parts of (wo screens intoone screen. Puli use of all TS
2068 stuibuies.
Pixel Sketch end Graphics Exfitor 2068 uses the ADVANCED VIDEO MODES for
EXTENDED COLOR and Hi RESOLUTION (813 x 176} GRAPHICS. PS/GE 2068
version 2,0 is JOYSTICK controfled, MENU driven, EASY 10 use, and FUN. FREE-
HAND draw and erase are 2 times faster now. ‘“OOPS!" function helps un-do errers,
‘Compete 20* page user guide. NEW FUNCTIONS: CONNECT will connect designated
points together. CHANGE FONT activates STANDARD, BOLD, MODERN, and
ATALICS vet modifiers. Any character set can be modifiedto get BOLD, MODERN or
ITALICS versions of that character set, LOAD FONT allows the user to LOAD their
‘own favorite FONT, A sample font - CHANCER Y -& provided wich the program. With
(CHANGE FONT you get BOLD CHANCERY, Pivei Sketch and Graphics Editor 2068
version 2.0 6 Tasman, Aerco, and A& Mikrodrive CPT compatible in al of the 2068
‘video moses (Standard, Extended Color, and Hi Resolution). Compatible with most dot
satel printers. Cam access variable dot density functions of STAR and EPSON type
printers to control page size and location! Also 2040 type printer compatible. Get YOUR
copy of: Pael Sketch and Graphics Editor 2068 version 2.0 from LEMKE SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT today! Only $19.95 ppd. (owners of the otiginal PS/GE can send
riginal tape (proof-of-purciase) and pay only $10.95). Send legal size SASE for infor
imation and a complete eatatiog of top quality programs. EXTRA: Now with your order
you get FREE @ 32 column screen to 64 column (hi resolution) screen conversion utility
program. Can even combine 2 standard screcns to make I bt resolution screen?
ys y if i SD Lemke
| Lemke Software Development
|
|\Sortuacet 2144 White Oak
“(Dea
LD evetooment
Wichita, KS 67207
*#** SMART TEXT TS-2068 #*x*
Administrative Software
Data Base - Word Processing
Mailing List - Repeat Printing
Form Letters - Auto Letter Head
Auto Sign Off- Labels/Envelopes
All integrated functions
Versions For:
AERCO DISK - OLIGER DISK
CASSETTE - ZEBRA OS-64 Cart
Each Package includes four
programs. The Cassette and
Oliger Disk versions includes
ene for the 05-64 Cart.
The most comprehensive software
for the TS-2068.
$34.00 post paid- Check or MO
Bill Jones, Gulf Miero
1317 Stratford Ave,
Panama City, FL 32404
Inquiries welcome
Deep in the land of the Hidden Kingdoms,
guarded by a vicious and evil dragon,
con be found the Elixir of Li
GEUEDTES Gl ne nas Ue cn had
ty
Dragonhold ia
DRAGONHOLD is an animated ayophic
mS
adventure game for the Sinclair
And just L@G@K at these features -
* Four-way SCROLLING map graphics
equivalent to over 250 screens!)
individual computer controlled
animated characters that you can
communicate with
Extremely detailed hi-res graphics
* Both visual and text puzzles
ame variations and new challenges
each time a new game is generated
Save game feature ~ you can save and
play as many different variations as
you like!
Available on microdrive cartridge for
$29.95 including p. & p. Send cheque
or P.O. to
English Micro Connection
15 Kilburn Court — Newport, R! 02840
401/849-3805
PRICE
BREAKTHROUGH!
Thanks toa MAJOR cost reduction, we can now offer the
Rotronics WAFADRIVE (Less Rainbow Interface) for
ONLY $99.95! The WAFADRIVE offerse TWO 128K
high speed drives operating at almost 2K per
second @ An RS232 (serial) and a Centronics (parallel)
port that allow WAFADRIVE to run almost any full size
printer @ Extended Basic operating system@A blank
wafer@and the Spectral Writer word processor
program.
The WAFADRIVE is a Spectrum compatible device, and
when used with the Rainbow Plus interface, your Timex
2068 will run thousands of Spectrum programs.
The Rainbow Plus Spectrum interface is both a
spectrum emulator AND a spectrum hardware adaptor
ail in one compact case. For only $49.95 we will even
throw in free Spectrum software to get you started!
TO ORDER: DAMCO ENTERPRISES
Send Check, Money Order 67 Bradley Ct.
VISA or MASTERCARD to: Fall River, MA 02720
or cali (617) 678-2110
Aisle
FREE ADS FOR SUBSCRIBERS
FOR T/S 2068: 3-Reel 9-Way Win
Giant Slot Machine on cassette.
All in BASIC & listable, about
32K with Stick/Inkeys provision.
Send $6.00 to D. JEWETT, 63 Charro
Dr., Santa Rosa, CA 95401. Includes
shipping.
FOR SALE: I have an extra copy
of MTerm II for TS-2068. Brand
new, never used. List for $29.95,
will sell for $25.00 ppd. Chia-
Chi Chao, 73 Sullivan Dr., Moraga,
CA 94556.
FOR SALE: T/S 2068; AERCO FD-68;
2-DS/DD 5% Drives; Drive Case &
Power Supply; Aerco & Tasman CPI;
A&J Micro Drive; All Cables, manuals
& S/W, Also CP/M Disc; War In The
East; PRO/FILE; Taswide; Tasword;
Tech Draw Jr.; MSCRIPT; Fish Locator
& others. Most on Disc & Tape.
---EVERYTHING FOR $500---
N. G. Robins, Rt. 3 Box 744, Hayes,
VA 23072.
MONEY MACHINE. Exciting new word
game for the T/S 2068. May be
habit forming. From ABBA Soft.
Tape $10; Llist $3, ppd. Herb
Bowers, 2588 Woodshire Circle,
Chesapeake, VA 23323.
WANTED: A&J Micro Drive, Disk Drive
for 2068 & other hardware. No T/S
1000 wanted. Send list with your
lowest price. E. Salter, 402 Pine
Terrace Cir., Milton, FL 32570,
(904) 623-8178.
SOFTWARE for the Timex 2068. Send
a S.A.S.E. for a free catalog to:
TIMEWARE, 1907 1/2 West Genesee St.,
Syracuse, NY 13204,
WANTED: T/S 2068 User's Manual in
good condition. Stuart Walton, PO Box
513, Rowley, MA 01969.
16K 2X81, Keyboard, 8K BBU Memory,
some software & books, $100. TS2068,
2 cart. prg. Hot-Z, Tech Manual &
books, $100. F. Schubert RD#3 Box 19,
Selkirk, NY 12158,
FOR SALE: Atari 800XL, Disk,
Printer Interface, DOSXL, BASICXL,
HomePack, 13 books and 33 magazines.
All for $275.00. Cali (512) 992-
WANTED: Pokes for MSCRIPT, TW+64,
TASWORD II, AERCO print driver...
to drive AK ROYAL Lettermaster
Printer. TS2068, Aerco Interface.
Fee. C. Grosh, 1112 Chautauqua
Bivd., Pacif. Palis., CA 90272.
T/S 2068 PROGRAMS, MARQUEE: your
message crawls across the screen
BANNER: prints big bold message on
2040 in 16 sizes. Both programs on
tape $10. Brant Wilcox, Box 8,
Cawker City, KS 67430.
FOR SALE: 14 issues SYNC, 6 TS
Users, 2 SQ mag., 4 K-Power, 6
Synchro-sette, 23 Syntax in hard
binder, 55 issues total for $30
postage paid, call (614) 846-3543.
FOR SALE: 2 non-working WC2050
modem boards. $5 each or best offer.
Brian Higgins, RR 1, Prescott, KS
WANT TO BUY: the Timex/Sinclair
2068 graphic color book titled
Timex/Sinclair Color Graphics,
written by N. Hampshire. Send info
to David Britt, 3995 Eloise, Bmt.,
TX 77707.
2068 SOFTWARE and HARDWARE: Koala
Pad with Zebra Painter. Protex Word
Processor, Fiight Simulator,
Diamond Mike. Much more. Reasonable.
Send S.A.S.E. to Bob Smith, 428
Marsh Ave., Reno, NV 89509 for
complete list.
FOR SALE-TS2068. Used only one month.
Includes cables, 3 software cassettes.
$100 including shipping anywhere in
USA. John Gerdes, 123 N. Front St.,
Lewisburg, PA 17837,
Do you have some equipment or a program that you would like to sell? Looking for something hard to find? Place an
ad in THE CLASSIFIEDS! Subscribers can place one free personal ad in each issue. Ad size is 32 Col. wide (like 2040
paper) and maximum of six lines. For additional lines - $3 each. NON-SUBSCRIBERS and DEALERS: $4 a line.
DEADLINE FOR ALL CLASSIFIED ADS: Two weeks before publication date. Mail your ad to:
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE, The Classifieds Dept., 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, Oregon 97017.
NEW PRODUCTS
ANNOUNCEMENT
For TS2068 and SPECTRUM
NovelSoft PROUDLY PRESENTS THE ALL NEW...
VERSION 1.1
© Pull-Down Menus Auto-Speed Control * Includes Spectrum & TS2068 Versions
© Several Brushes © Magnify & Reduce * Supports Microdrivers and Kempston
° Spray © Rotate & Mirror Joystick
* Auto-Fill © Full Attribute Control © Includes GALLERY, the slide
* Zoom * Fully Elastic Shapes including Circle, show/animator
* Undo Box Triangle, Ray and Line * 5 Samples of Artwork
© Several Text Fonts e Fast Ellipse and Arc © Excellent Manual
* Cut & Paste Windows
Unshackle your creativity with ... ARTWORX!!
ARTWORX V1.1 - $19.95 U.S. plus $3.00 S & H
NovelSof INTRODUCES THE REVOLUTIONARY NEW BASIC COMPILER...
TIMACHINE
The dream of every BASIC programmer has now been realized!
* TIMACHINE will turn your BASIC * Handles all BASIC except 1/0
into super-fast machine code, * Includes an excellent manual and
running up to 200 times faster! 4 demonstration programs
* Handles floating point operations * Compiles up to 27K in seconds
like SIN, COS, TAN * Includes Spectrum & 2068 versions
Super-Charge your BASIC programs with... 7IMACHINE!
TIMACHINE — $19.95 U.S. Plus $3.00 S & H
Novelfoft
A FORMAT FOR THE FUTURE
106 Seventh Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M8V 3B4 * TEL. (416)259-8682 * CompuServe 70416,1435
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